Mental Abilities Dev Psych Flashcards
What is the concept of a “g score” suggest about intellectual abilities?
We all hold a specific quantity of intelligence - some more, some less
A consistent ability across many tasks
Compared to Spearman’s “g-factor”, how is Gardner’s theory of intelligence different?
Multiple intelligences
Some persons perform better on some tasks than others
Be able to identify Gardner’s types of intelligence from a description.
Visual spatial intelligence - Visualizing shapes with the mind’s eye (drawing, sculpting, photography).
Verbal linguistic intelligence - Reading, writing, vocab, memorizing dates .
Bodily kinesthetic intelligence - Sports, dance, acting.
Logical mathematical intelligence - Logic, numbers, analyzing charted information.
Interpersonal intelligence - Sensitivity to other’s moods, feelings, temperaments and motivations (EQ, emotional intelligence).
Musical intelligence - Study with music, emotionally moved by music, good pitch, play an instrument, compose.
Intrapersonal intelligence - Understanding of one’s own person (“self-awareness”).
Naturalistic intelligence - Sensitive, ethical, and holistic understanding of the world and its complexities.
The intelligence test designed by Binet & Simon had what purpose?
“… to identify ‘dull children who might need special instruction”
Describe the assumptions behind the Binet & Simon test.
Mental age higher than chronological age = High intelligence
Mental age lower than chronological age = Lower intelligence
Who developed the Stanford-Binet test?
Lewis Terman
What is the IQ formula used by the Stanford-Binet test to measure intelligence?
Mental age divided by chronological age, then multiplied by 100
MA/CA x 100
How are the Wechsler intelligence tests different from the Stanford-Binet tests?
Age specific tests
3 IQ scores
Contrast the WPPSI, WISC, and WAIS tests by identifying the proper test for a person of a given age.
WPPSI - Preschool & primary scale (3-8 years old)
WISC - Scale for children (6-16 years old)
WAIS - Adult intelligence scale (17 years old and older)
What abilities fall under the “performance” category?
- Picture arrangement
- Block design
- Object assembly
- Assemble puzzles
- Picture completion
What abilities fall under the “verbal” category?
- General comprehension and reasoning
- Arithmetic reasoning
- Analogies
- Similarities
- Vocabulary
Identify an infant test of mental ability.
Mental scale
- Following directions
- Reaching for a desirable object
- Searching for a hidden toy
How well do infant tests predict later intelligence (in other words, how well do infant tests correlate to later intelligence scores)?
0 to .22
What infant behaviors are predictive of later intellectual performance?
- Speed of habituation
How is the intellectual climate of a child’s home environment assessed?
The HOME test
- Home
- Observation
- Measurement
- Environment
Measures parental involvement with child and opportunities for stimulation
Describe broad factors which influence intelligence and potential biases.
Genetics Motivation Family characteristics Parenting styles Child characteristics
What is the relationship between intelligence and “occupational prestige”?
Very correlated
Contrast the cumulative-deficit hypothesis and cultural/familial retardation.
The cumulative deficit hypothesis states impoverished environments inhibit intellectual growth. The cultural familial retardation is a type of intellectual insufficiency due to a combination of an impoverished environment, low genetic potential, and parent or sibling with low IQ
What is terminal drop?
Predictable drop in intelligence due to poor health prior to death
What do cross-sectional and longitudinal designs each show regarding intelligence?
Cross sectional studies show significant decline. Longitudinal designs show mild insignificant change
Contrast fluid and crystallized intelligence proposed by Horn & their role in adulthood.
Fluid intelligence - Reasoning to solve unfamiliar problems
Crystallized intelligence - Based on acquired knowledge through experience
Describe factors could explain the intellectual performance of older adults?
Role of motivation or anxiety
Cohort-influenced knowledge
Contrast absolutist thinking and relativistic thinking and identify the age groups which use these approaches.
Absolutist thinking - An understanding which emphasizes logically correct answer to every problem (young ages)
Relativistic thinking - An understanding that knowledge depends on context and the subjective experience of the knower (older adults)
