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Case 1. Reproduction > Menstruation > Flashcards

Menstruation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of menstrual cycle

A
  1. Transport gametes to site of fertilisation

2. Provide suitable site for fertilisation

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2
Q

What stages are there of the menstrual cycle

A
  1. Menses
  2. Follicular
  3. Luteal
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3
Q

What hormone dominated pre ovulatory part of cycle?

A

Oestrogen

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4
Q

What surges just before ovulation? And when?

A

LH 36 hours before

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5
Q

What happens as FSH levels rise in the first 10 days?

A

Oestrogen is produced and inhibits LH

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6
Q

What happens in menstrual phase?

A

First 5 days.

  1. Degeneration of endometrium
  2. Progesterone inhibits LH and corpus Luteum degenerates
  3. Lutein cells become less responsive to LH one week after stimulation
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7
Q

What happens when oestrogen promotes a positive feedback loop?

A

LH and FSH no longer inhibited. LH stimulates ovulation.

Oocyte released into uterine tube

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8
Q

What is released when there is slow GnRH pulse frequencies ?

A

FSH stimulated

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9
Q

What is released when there is high GnRH pulse frequencies

A

LH

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10
Q

What dies oestrogen do when it’s levels rise

A

Negative feedback on FSH and positive feedback on LH

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11
Q

When do follicles rupture

A

14-36 hours post LH surge

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12
Q

When is secretory phase

A

Day 15-28

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13
Q

What does LH do?

A

Promotes endometrium thickening. Maintains CL for a week

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14
Q

What is Zona Pelucida made of?

A

Glycoproteins

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15
Q

What is oocyte of primordial follicle suspended in?

A

Meiosis 1 prophase

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16
Q

Theca interna secretes what?

A

Androgen (precursor of oestrogen) in response to LH

17
Q

Granulose cells secrete what? What does this inhibit?

A

Oestrogen inhibits FSH and LH

18
Q

FSH and oestrogen together promote what after?

A

LH receptors in Antral stage by positive feedback

19
Q

What stage of oogenesis is stimulated by LH?

A

Pre ovulatory stage

20
Q

What is first polar body?

A

After meiosis 1 is complete, one daughter cell has less cytoplasm and doesn’t go on to become secondary oocyte. Both undergo meiosis 2.

21
Q

In ovulation stage of oogenisis, what is a grown matured follicle called?

A

Graafian follicle.

22
Q

In ovulation phase of oogenesis, LH promotes what?

A

Collageneses, to weaken follicular wall to release ovum. Theca external release lysosomes to dissolve follicular capsule . Angiogenesis (blood vessels breaking) so increase follicular swelling to cause rupture

23
Q

What is mean loss of blood during menstruation ? How much risks anemia.

A

43ml. More than 60ml risks anemia

24
Q

What is first polar body a product of

A

Meiosis 1

25
Q

How does fertilisation happen?

A

Acrosomal head of sperm binds to sperm receptors on Zona pellucida. Acrosin penetrates through zona pellucida. Sperm fuses to Vitelline membrane of oocyte. Sperm is then absorbed through into cytoplasm and zona pellucida hardens so multiple sperm doesn’t fertilise oocyte. Meiosis 2 continues to make zygote.

26
Q

What does progesterone do to endometrium

A

Glandular secretion and spiral arteries to develop . Increase blood supply to promote differentiation of cells, receptivity to embryo and cervical music thickening.

27
Q

In Cleavage, what day does morula form?

A

3 days.

28
Q

What does trophoblasts secrete

A

hCG to keep corpus luteum alive. So progesterone and oestrogen continue to rise

29
Q

What are histiotrophs?

A

Under influence of progesterone, endometrial glands produce secretions (histiotrophs)z they contain glucose Oli homered and glycoprotiens. They provide nutrient support to early embryo. Glands regress after 11 weeks

30
Q

When can the early embryonic scan be done?

A

Transvaginally- at the time of missed period

Trans abdominal- 5 weeks from LMP

Can do early USS if gestation sac- day 12-13 of development (27 days from LMP)

31
Q

What is fetal pole?

A

Gestation sac

32
Q

When is pregnancy viable

A

When heart beat can be seen.

TV- 5.5 weeks post LMP
TA- 6 weeks post LMP

33
Q

After LH surge when does follicle rupture?

A

14-36 hours post LH surge

Case 1. Reproduction (1 decks)

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