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gyno states > Menstrual disorders > Flashcards

Menstrual disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Which are the physiological states of amenorrhea?
A) before puberty
B) during pregnancy
C) while breastfeeding
D) after the menopause
E) all of them

A

E) all of them

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2
Q

Which is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea?
A) hypothalamo-hypophyseal
B) ovarian
C) uterine
D) vaginal
E) adrenal

A

A) hypothalamo-hypophyseal

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3
Q

Which are the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome?
A) increased irritability, psychic instability
B) predisposition to depression
C) painful breast tension
D) headache and back pain
E) any of them can appear in various degrees

A

E) any of them can appear in various degrees

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4
Q

Which can cause Asherman’s syndrome?
A) infections leading to endometrial sclerosis (e.g. genitalis tuberculosis)
B) ovarian dysfunction
C) destruction of the endometrial basal layer (e.g. after curettage of the uterus)
D) all of them are correct
E) A and C

A

E) A and C

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5
Q

Characteristics of the normal menstual cycle, except:
A) The typical length of the period is 21 to 35 days
B) The blood loss is no more than 80 ml
C) it may occur more frequent, than 21 days, although the bleeding lasts for 7 days, so the 28-day cycle remains
D) the estimation of the blood loss is subjective, and has a large interpersonal variation

A

C) it may occur more frequent, than 21 days, although the bleeding lasts for 7 days, so the 28-day cycle remains

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6
Q

Management of abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents:
A) it is a temporary condition, neither the excessive and prolonged bleeding require treatment
B) may be caused by neoplasms, in order to receive histologic diagnosis curettage needed to perform
C) continuous or cyclic progesterone therapy and oral contraceptives
D) in case of frequent and excessive bleeding, anticoagulants may be effective
E) all of the treatments are correct

A

C) continuous or cyclic progesterone therapy and oral contraceptives

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7
Q

Characteristics of dysmenorrhea, except:
A) The most characteristic symptom is the lower abdomen pain, other symptoms may include nausea and vomiting
B) The main symptom is nausea and vomiting, and the lower abdomen pain is an often co-occuring symptom
C) The symptoms may occur even after the first childbirth
D) The symptoms may occur after the menarche
E) The symptoms occur primarily in the anovulatory cycles

A

E) The symptoms occur primarily in the anovulatory cycles

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8
Q

Characteristics of an endometrial polyp, except:
A) benign mass in the inner lining of the uterus
B) can lead to infertility
C) the prevalence increases with age
D) the mass is benign, malignant transformation is not possible
E) can removed by hysteroscopic resection

A

D) the mass is benign, malignant transformation is not possible

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9
Q

Which are the characteristic symptoms of the adenomyosis?
A) dysmenorrhea
B) hypermenorrhea
C) infertility is a main symptom
D) uterine enlargement
E) all of the symptoms are characteristic
F) only A) and C) are correct

A

E) all of the symptoms are characteristic

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10
Q

This manner can be used in the diagnosis of endometriosis:
A) physical examination
B) ultrasound examination
C) MRI
D) laparoscopy
E) all of them are correct

A

E) all of them are correct

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11
Q

Which treatment is not recommended in menorrhagia?
A) Combined oral contraceptive pills
B) Intrauterine system that contains progestogen
C) NSAIDs
D) Endometrial resection
E) In case of unsuccessful initial treatment, surgery can be an effective second line treatment
F) Copper intrauterin device (IUD)

A

F) Copper intrauterin device (IUD)

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12
Q

Which are the main symptoms of premenopause?
A) abnormal uterine bleeding
B) anovulatory cycles
C) reduction of fertility, then infertility
D) A), B) and C) are all correct
E) Vulvovaginal atrophy

A

D) A), B) and C) are all correct

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13
Q

Which cannot cause dysmenorrhea?
A) endometriosis
B) adenomyosis
C) leiomyoma
D) cervical stenosis
E) long-term combined oral contraceptives

A

E) long-term combined oral contraceptives

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14
Q

After menarche in case of imperforated hymen, the following can be seen:
A) Haematocolpos
B) mucocolpos
C) urinal retention
D) neither of them
E) A and C

A

E) A and C

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15
Q

What is hypomenorrhoea?
A) period last longer with more bleeding
B) regular, but shorter menstruation with light bleeding
C) period is between 30 and 120 days
D) more than 120 days between two menstruations
E) less then 25 days between two menstruations

A

B) regular, but shorter menstruation with light bleeding

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16
Q

What is menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)?
A) painful menstruation
B) shorter menstruation with less bleeding than usual
C) longer (>7 days) mentruation with more bleeding (>80ml) than usual
D) more than 120 days between two menstruations
E) less then 25 days between two menstruations

A

C) longer (>7 days) mentruation with more bleeding (>80ml) than usual

17
Q

What is oligomenorrhea?
A) more than 35 days between two menstruations
B) shorter menstruation with less bleeding than usual
C) longer menstruation with more bleeding than usual
D) less than 120 days between two menstruations
E) less than 25 days between two menstruations

A

A) more than 35 days between two menstruations

18
Q

What is polymenorrhea?
A) period is between 35 and 90 days
B) shorter menstruation with less bleeding than usual
C) longer mentruation with more bleeding than usual
D) more than 120 days between two menstruations
E) less then 21 days between two menstruations

A

E) less then 21 days between two menstruations

19
Q

What is menorrhagia (hypermenorrhoea)?
A) withdrawl bleeding after oestrogen and/or progesteron therapy
B) regular, light bleeding
C) irregular menses
D) normal menstruation with cramps
E) regular menses with significant bleeding

A

E) regular menses with significant bleeding

20
Q

Does the GnRH puls frequency change in different parts of the normal menstruational period?
A) higher in follicular phase
B) higher in luteal phase
C) no difference

A

A) higher in follicular phase

21
Q

What’s the cause of the raised temperature in the second half of the menstruational period?
A) progesteron increases the metabolism
B) oestrogen increases the metabolism
C) combined effect of progesteron and oestrogen increase the metabolism
D) progesteron stimulates the thermoregulation centre
E) prolactine stimulates the thermoregulation centre

A

D) progesteron stimulates the thermoregulation centre

22
Q

Which sympthom does not fit in PCO syndrome?
A) obesity
B) polycystic ovaries with ultrasound
C) increased hair growth
D) oligomenorrhoea
E) seborrhoea
F) hyperbilirubinaemia

A

F) hyperbilirubinaemia

23
Q

Hysteroscopy is suitable for detecting the cause of irregular uteral bleeding in following:
A) Focal lesion of the endometrium
B) developmental failure of the uterus
C) endometrial polyp
D) submucosal leiomyomas
E) All of them

A

E) All of them

24
Q

Contraindication(s) of hysteroscopy:
A) retroflected uterus
B) uterinal septum
C) heavy uterinal bleeding
D) acut pelvic inflammatory diases
E) all of them
F) C and D answers are correct

A

F) C and D answers are correct

25
Q

Recommended drugs to treat dysmenorrhea:
A) hormonal contraceptive pills
B) inhibitors of the prostaglandine synthesis
C) terbutalin or phenoterol
D) Diazepam
E) A and B
F) all of them are correct

A

E) A and B

26
Q

What is the LH:FSH ratio in PCO syndrome?
A) 1:4
B) at least 3:1
C) 1:1

A

B) at least 3:1

27
Q

Match the following situatons with the proper reactions.
A) Stop taking the pills, then continue taking them after 7 days
B) Continue taking the pills as usual
C) You have to continue taking the pills and combine it with another contraceptive methode
D) Take 1 more pill
E) Stop taking the pills and medical examination is needed

OBG - 2.39 - Nausea during the first period of using the tablets
OBG - 2.40 - Scratching all over the body
OBG - 2.41 - Missed one day taking the tablet
OBG - 2.42 - Light bleeding during the second part of the menstruational period

A

39- B
40- E
41- C
42- B

28
Q

What are the usual hormone changes in PCO syndrome?
A) increased
B) decreased
C) no change

OBG - 2.43 - Testosterone
OBG - 2.44 - Androstendion
OBG - 2.45 - TSH
OBG - 2.46 - SHBG
OBG - 2.47 - insulin
OBG - 2.48 - LH/FSH ratio

A

43- A
44- A
45- C
46- B
47- A
48- A

29
Q

In case of primer amenorrhea genetical examination has to be done, in order to indentify the disease.
A) both are correct, there is a causal relationship between the two,
B) both are correct, there is no causal relationship between the two,
C) the first is correct, the second is incorrect
D) the first is incorrect , the second is correct
E) both are incorrect

A

A) both are correct, there is a causal relationship between the two,

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