Menstrual disorders

Question 1

Amenorrhoea

Answer 1

=absence of menstruation

can be primary or secondary

Question 2

Oligomenorrhoea

Answer 2

infrequent menstruation (periods), >35 days (4-9 times a per year)

Question 3

Menorrhagia, aka HMB (heavy menstrual bleeding)

Answer 3

Excessive menstrual blood loss (MBL) that interferes with the physical, social, emotional and/or material quality of life.
Classic metric is blood loss >80ml/cycle (used in research purposes but not clinically)

Question 4

Dysmenorrhoea

Answer 4

Means pain at the time of menstrual bleeding.

Question 5

Underlying causes of abnormal uterine bleeding for premenopausal women;
PALM-COEIN

Answer 5

Structural:
P-Polyps
A-Adenomyosis
L-Leiomyoma
M-Malignancy/hyperplasia

Non-structural:
C-Coagulopathy
O-Ovulatory dysfunction (includes thyroid)
E-Endometrial
I-Iatrogenic
N-Not yet classified (DUB)

Question 6

Menopause

Answer 6

Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation at the end of reproductive life, due to loss of ovarian follicular activity.

Question 7

Metrorrhagia

Answer 7

Irregular periods.