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OBGYN > Menstrual Cycle & Benign Ovarian Conditions > Flashcards

Menstrual Cycle & Benign Ovarian Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Define menorrhagia

A

heavy menstrual bleeding

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2
Q

define metrorrhagia

A

intermenstrual bleeding

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3
Q

define amenorrhea

A

absence of menstruation

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4
Q

define dysmenorrhea

A

menstrual cramps

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5
Q

define cryptomenorrhea

A

light flow or spotting

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6
Q

define oligomenorrhea

A

infrequent menstruation

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7
Q

define polymenorrhagia

A

frequent menstruation

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8
Q

define menometrorrhagia

A

irregular intervals & varying degrees of bleeding (aka abnormal uterine bleeding)

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9
Q

What are the 5 key components to a reproductive history

A
  • age of first menarche
  • first day of last menstrual period
  • pattern of bleeding (days, duration, intensity)
  • presence of dysmenorrhea or other sxs
  • family history (age of menarche, dysmenorrhea)
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10
Q

What are the 3 major components of a sexual history

A
  • current sexual activity (hx STIs)
  • contraception or barrier protection
  • pregnancy history
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11
Q

define thelarche

A

appearance of breast tissue primarily d/t action of estradiol from the ovaries

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12
Q

define pubarche

A

appearance of pubic hair primarily from androgens of the adrenal glands

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13
Q

define menarche

A

time of first menstrual bleed often not associated with ovulation & typically caused by estradiol on endometrium

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14
Q

what is the average age of breast budding

A

10.5 years old

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15
Q

what is the average age of menarche in north america

A

age 12.5 about 2.6 years after onset of puberty

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16
Q

What is the average length of the menstrual cycle

A

21-35 days (avg 28 days)
- will peak ate age 25-30 then gradually decline
- more irregular in adolescence
- changes in cycle length happens in follicular phase, luteal phase is a fixed 14 days

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17
Q

what is the average loss of blood during menstruation

A

30-80 mL of blood (avg 40)

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18
Q

List the 3 forms of estrogen

A
  • estradiol (most potent)
  • estrone
  • estriol
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19
Q

what are the 3 phases of the menstrual/uterine cycle

A
  1. menstruation (follicular)
  2. proliferative phase (follicular)
  3. secretory phase (luteal)
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20
Q

List the ovarian cycle of menstruation

A
  1. follicular (proliferative)
  2. ovulation
  3. luteal phase (secretory)
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21
Q

Describe the hormonal processes of the follicular phase

A

high FSH which is later inhibited by estrogen production

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22
Q

describe the hormonal process during ovulation

A

huge spike in LH and slight FSH which triggers ovulation

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23
Q

describe the hormonal process of the luteal phase

A

rising levels of estrogen and progesterone inhibit both LH and FSH

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24
Q

describe the hormonal process during menstruation

A

corpus luteum degenerates and estrogen/progesterone levels fall, FSH levels rise

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25
Q

Define mittelschmerz

A

mid-cycle abdominal pain (+/- clear discharge or bleeding) from follicular release of prostaglandin containing fluid

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26
Q

describe primary dysmenorrhea

A
  • increased prostaglandins causing painful uterine contractions
  • usually starts 1-2 years after menarche
  • likely to improve in women who become pregnant
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27
Q

define secondary dysmenorrhea

A
  • due to pelvic pathology (endometriosis, adenomyosis, adhesions, PID, etc)
  • often seen 25+ years old
  • red flags: uterine bleeding, non-midline pelvic pain, dyspareunia, progression of severity
28
Q

Describe the presentation of dysmenorrhea (primary/secondary/general & red flags)

A
29
Q

Describe the treatment for dysmenorrhea

A
30
Q

Describe the etiology of premenstrual syndrome

A
31
Q

Describe the presentation of premenstrual syndrome

A
32
Q

Describe the treatment of premenstrual syndrome

A
33
Q

Describe the presentation of premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A
34
Q

Describe the treatment of PMDD

A
35
Q

Describe the etiology of menorrhagia

A
36
Q

Describe the presentation of menorrhagia

A
37
Q

Describe the treatment for menorrhagia

A
38
Q

Describe the etiology of dysfunctional uterine bleeding

A
39
Q

Describe the diagnosis of dysfunctional uterine bleeding

A
40
Q

Describe the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding

A
41
Q

Describe the etiology of amenorrhea (primary/secondary)

A
42
Q

Describe the presentation of Turner’s Syndrome related amenorrhea

A
43
Q

Describe the presentation of an ovarian cause of amenorrhea

A
44
Q

Describe the diagnosis of primary/secondary amenorrhea

A
45
Q

Describe the treatment for amenorrhea

A
46
Q

Describe the etiology of PCOS

A
47
Q

Describe the presentation of PCOS

A
48
Q

Describe the diagnosis of PCOS

A
49
Q

Describe the treatment for PCOS

A
50
Q

Describe the etiology of primary ovarian insufficiency

A
51
Q

Describe the presentation of primary ovarian insufficiency

A
52
Q

Describe the diagnosis of primary ovarian insufficiency

A
53
Q

Describe the etiology of a functional ovarian cyst

A
54
Q

Describe the presentation of a functional ovarian cyst

A
55
Q

Describe the treatment of functional ovarian cysts

A
56
Q

Describe the etiology of an ovarian cyst

A
57
Q

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of an ovarian cyst

A
58
Q

Describe the presentation of a ruptured ovarian cyst & how to diagnose

A
59
Q

Describe the treatment of a ruptured ovarian cyst

A
60
Q

Describe the etiology of ovarian torsion

A
61
Q

Describe the presentation of ovarian torsion

A
62
Q

Describe the diagnosis & treatment of ovarian torsion

A
63
Q

Describe the etiology of endometriosis

A
64
Q

Describe the presentation of endometriosis

A
65
Q

Describe the diagnosis of endometriosis

A
66
Q

Describe the treatment of endometriosis

A

OBGYN (22 decks)

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