Menstrual Cycle Flashcards
Two sub layers of the endometrium
-basal layer and functional layer
Where does fertilization typically occur in the fallopian tubes
distal end adjacent to the ampulla
Components of cervix
- internal os
- cervical canal
- external os
What is a follicle
basic functional unit of the ovary
What is a dominant follicle called
Graafian follicle
Menorrhagia
abnormally heavy bleeding at regular intervals
Metrorrhagia
bleeding at irregular intervals
Menometrorrhaggia
abnormally heavy bleeding at irregular intervals
Polymenorrhead
<21 day cycle intervals
Oligomenorrhea
> 35 cycle intervals
Phases of the ovarian cycle
- follicular phase
2. luteal phase
What phase of the uterine cycle does the follicular phase correspond with
proliferative
What phase of the uterine cycle does the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle correspond with
secretory phase
How long does the luteal phase last if there is ovulation
14 days
What are oocytes surrounded by
- granulosa cells
- theca cells
What do theca cells contain? What do the produce?
LH receptors and they produce androgens
What do granulosa cells contain? What do they produce?
FSH receptors adn produce estrogen
also converts androgens to estrogens
What produces progesterone
corpus luteum
What are the phases of the uterine cycle
- proliferative phase
- secretory phase
- menstruation (or pregnancy)
The hypothalamus produces ____ in response to ____
GnRH
low estradiol levels
GnRH stimulates the ___ to produce ___
stimulates the anterior pituitaryto produce FSH and LH
FSH and LH stimulate ___ to produce ___
stimulates the granulosa cells to produce estradiol, inhibin and activin
LH stimulates ___ to produce ___
stimulates the theca cells to produce androgens
What does activin do
enhances FSH synthesis
What supresses FSH
rising estradiol from the growing follicle
Elevated ___, ___ and ___ supress GnRH secretion
elevated progesterone, estrogen and testosterone
What does inhibin do
acts on the pituitary to suppress the synthesis and release of FSH ONLY
Elevated estradiol levels cause what
the anterior pituitary to release a large pulse of LH
What does the surge of LH cause
final maturation of the egg and release from the follicle
Most common cause of secondary amenorrhea
pregnancy
What causes dysmenorrhea
excess production of endometrial prostaglandin F2 alpha
Signs and symptoms of dysmenorrhea
- crampy lower abd/ pelvic pain
- n/v/d
- headache
- fatigue
- dizziness
First line treatment of dysmenorrhea
NSAIDs (ibuprofen or naproxen)
Second line treatment for dysmenorrhea
hormonal options
When are hormones a 1st line treatment for dysmenorrhea
patients that are sexually active
