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Reproductive System > Menstrual Cycle > Flashcards

Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of pituitary hormones that control the menstrual cycle?

A

FSH and LH

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2
Q

What are the two types of ovarian hormones that control the menstrual cycle?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

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3
Q

What do pituitary hormones do?

A

are released from the anterior pituitary gland and act on the ovaries to develop follicles

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4
Q

What do ovarian hormones do?

A

act on the uterus to prepare for pregnancy

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5
Q

What is the first phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Follicular phase

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6
Q

What does the dominant follicle produce?

A

Estrogen

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7
Q

What is the function of the estrogen produced by the dominant follicle?

A

Inhibits FSH secretion (negative feedback) to prevent other follicles growing

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8
Q

How does estrogen act on the uterus?

A

to stimulate the thickening of the endometrial layer

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9
Q

What is the 2nd phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Ovulation

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10
Q

What happens midway through the cycle (~day 12)?

A

estrogen stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete hormones (positive feedback)

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11
Q

What is the result of the positive feedback of the anterior pituitary during ovulation?

A

a large surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) and a lesser surge of FSH

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12
Q

What is the function of the luteinizing hormone (LH)?

A

LH causes the dominant follicle to rupture and release an egg (secondary oocyte) – this is called ovulation

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13
Q

What is the 3rd step of the menstrual cycle?

A

Luteal Phase

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14
Q

What happens to the ruptured follicle in the luteal phase?

A

develops into a slowly degenerating corpus luteum

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15
Q

What does the corpus luteum secrete?

A

high levels of progesterone, as well as lower levels of estrogen

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16
Q

What do estrogen and progesterone do in the luteal phase?

A

act on the uterus to thicken the endometrial lining (in preparation for pregnancy)

also inhibit secretion of FSH and LH, preventing any follicles from developing

17
Q

What is the 4th step of the menstrual cycle?

A

Menstruation

18
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization occurs?

A

If fertilization occurs, the developing embryo will implant in the endometrium and release hormones to sustain the corpus luteum

19
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization doesn’t occur?

A

If fertilization doesn’t occur, the corpus luteum eventually degenerates (forming a corpus albicans after ~ 2 weeks)

20
Q

What happens when the corpus luteum degenerates?

A

estrogen and progesterone levels drop and the endometrium can no longer be maintained

21
Q

How does the menstrual cycle start again?

A

estrogen and progesterone levels are too now low to inhibit the anterior pituitary

22
Q

What leaves the body as menstrual blood?

A

The endometrial layer

Reproductive System (7 decks)

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