Menopause Flashcards

1
Q

Define pre, peri and postmenopause

A

Premenopause - regular periods
Perimenopause - irregular periods
Postmenopause - no periods >12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the average age of menopause in the UK?

A

51 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is classed as early menopause?

A

40-44 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is classed as Premature Ovarian Insufficiency?

A

Menopause <40 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

On average how long do menopause symptoms last?

A

7 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the menopause symptoms

A

Mood swings, night sweats, hot flushes, weight gain, fatigue, sexual problems, UTI, dry skin/hair, memory loss, aches/pains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to FSH in perimenopause?

A

Fluctuates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the indications for measuring FSH?

A
  • women >50 on hormonal contraception who want to stop
  • > 45 with atypical symptoms
  • 40-44 years old with menopausal symptoms/iatrogenic amenorrhoea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are FSH tests conducted?

A

2 tests 6 weeks apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When would E2, TFT, prolactin and FAI be measured in addition to FSH?

A

<40 years old

<35 years old and chromosomal/autoimmune condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the lifestyle advice for menopause

A

Healthy diet, weight management, exercise, good sleep hygiene, no smoking, limited alcohol/caffeine, reduce stress, CBT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What environmental factors can help with menopause symptoms?

A

Ventilation, temperature, suitable clothes, fans, cooling spray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

State some non-hormonal therapies that can help with menopause

A

Herbal - st john’s wort
Complementary - homeopathy, hypnotherapy
Non-hormonal - antidepressant
Fanny magnet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the benefits of HRT?

A
Symptomatic relief 
Increased quality of life 
Better mental health 
Better sexual health 
Reduced risk of osteoporosis 
Reduced CVD until 60 years old 
Prevents and treats atrophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the risks of HRT?

A

Increased risk of breast cancer
Increased VTE risk
Increased CVD risk over 60 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

State the contraindications to HRT

A
History of breast cancer 
Coronary heart disease 
TIA/Stroke 
Unexplained bleeding 
Active liver disease
17
Q

Name the different types of HRT

A

Oral, gel, patch, spray, transdermal

18
Q

How is endometrial dysplasia prevented?

A

Progesterone is given to women without a hysterectomy/mirena

19
Q

What should be given to all women with early menopause?

A

HRT and continue contraception

20
Q

In women aged 40-49 when should contraception be stopped?

A

2 years after amenorrhoea

2 years after 2 FSH results >30

21
Q

In women >50 when should contraception be stopped?

A

1 year after last period

1 year after FSH >30

22
Q

At what age can contraception be stopped?

A

> 55

23
Q

What treats vulvo-vaginal atrophy?

A

Topical oestrogen

Moisturisers and lubricants