Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Week 34 (Menopause) > Menopause > Flashcards

Menopause Flashcards

1
Q

Premature ovarian failure

A

Menopause before age 40

1%age <40, 0.1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Peri-menopause

A 
After reproductive years
Before menopause
Irregular menstraul cycles
Endocrine changes
Hot flushes
Sleep disturbances
Mood symptoms 
Vaginal dryness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

STRAW staging system

A 
Reproductive (-5 to -3a)
   -5=menarche
Menopausal transition (-2 to -1)
Post menopause (+1a to +2)
   -after final menstraul period
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Perimenopause hormone levels

A

Inhibin B decreases
FSH increases
Oestrogen fluctuation and decline
luteal prof decrease

Desynchronized GnRH secretion
Impaired timing of LH surge
FSH increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

FSH values for peri and post

A

Peri >25

Post>70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Early menopause

A

Final MP between 40-45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Perimenopausal symptoms

A 
Mood changes
Sore breasts
Bloating
Headaches/migraines
Periods-irregular in flow &amp;pattern &amp;symptoms
Hot flushes/night sweats
Sleep disturbances
Formulation
Irritability
Fatigue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Menopause symptoms

A 
Hot flushes/night sweats
Sleep disturbance
Joint pains
Formulation
Irritability
Fatigue
Urogenital symptoms
Low libido
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Consequences of menopause on the cardiovascular system

A 
Visceral adiposity
Dyslipidaemia (increase LDL, decrease HDL)
Increased triglycerides
Insulin resistance
Increased BP
Chronic inflammation

Activation of renin-angiotensin system, increased angiotensin II, increased endothelium 1, decreased NO synthase —>these leading to oxidative stress, vascular cell proliferation, vascular wall inflammation, arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction

Both lead to atherosclerosis and IHD and stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Beneficial effects of HRT on early atherosclerosis

A

Increased vasodilation
Decreased inflammatory activation
Decreased lesion progression

In established atherosclerosis:
Decreased ER expression, function
Decreased vasodilitation
Increased inflammatory activation
Increased plaque instability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How oestrogen deficiency works on bones

A

A number of cytokines are produced that inhibit osteoblastogenesis and stimulate the activity as well as prolong the life of osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bloods at a menopause consult

A 
Lipids
Blood glucose
Vitamin D
If fatigue:
FBC
Fe
TFT
B12
Renal
Lfts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Contraception in the peri-menopause

A

Risk of pregnancy at 50 <1%
If menopause <50, continue contraception until 2 years post LMP
>50 yrs, continue for 1 year post LMP
Cease COCP by 51 - switch to non-hormonal/progestogen only method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to initiate HRT

A

Daily continuous oestrogen - all HRT
Cyclical progesterone if <12 months from LMP (progesterone 10-14 days/month)
Continuous progestogen if >12 months since LMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes of hot flushes apart from oestrogen deficiency

A 
Alcohol consumption
Carcinoid
Hyperthyroidism
Narcotic withdrawal
Phaechromocytoma
Medication side effects (vasodilaters, tamoxifen)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tibolone

A

Synthetic oral steroid with oestrogen iv progestogenic and androgenic action
As effective as MHT for VMS sx - start 12 months post LMP
Same contraindications as MHT
Reduced VTE risk
May be useful in decreased sexual function
No changes in breast density
Stroke risk in older women

17
Q

Premature ovarian insufficiency

A

Idiopathic
Genetic (turner’s, fragile x)
Autoimmune (Addisons, hypothyroidism, T1DM)
Galactosaemia
Infectious causes: mumps, HIV, TB, CMV
Smoking
Iatrogenic (chemo, RT, bilateral oophrectomy)

18
Q

Premature ovarian insufficiency diagnosis

A

FSH >25-40IU on 2 occasions > 4-6 weeks apart

19
Q

Investigations for cause of POI

A 
FMR1 pretmutation
Karyotype
Anti-adrenal antibody
Thyroid auto-antibodies
Coeliac serology
Other autoimmune conditions as clinically indicated
20
Q

POI - HRT until what age?

A

50

21
Q

Monitoring in MHT

A 
Review every 6 months
General health check
Breast check; Mamm 2 yrly
BMD scan whereindicated
Any vaginal bleeding after 6 months therapy should be investigated.
22
Q

Increased risk of stroke

A

Age >60
MHT >10 years

Reduce risk with transdermal 50ug oestrogen

23
Q

No increase in risk of CHD with MHT if

A

Within 10 years of the menopause

24
Q

Increased risk of breast ca on combined MHT

A

0.1%

25
Q

Oestrogens that can be used

A 
Conjugated
Micro used 17B oestradiol
Oestradiol valerate 
Oestrogen sulphate
Patches, gels implants
26
Q

Side effects of MHT

A

Nausea
Headache
Breast tenderness

27
Q

Cessation of HRT leads to what percentage of recurrence

A

50%

28
Q

Symptoms of peri menopause

A 
Irregular bleeding
Anxiety
Vasomotor symptoms (flushes, night sweats)
Recurrent UTIs
Dyspaeurnia
Vaginal dryness
Poor sleep
Low libido
Join pain 
Central weight gain

Week 34 (Menopause) (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions