Menopause Flashcards
What autoimmune diseases are post-menopausal women more likely to have
Adrenal and thyroid disease
How does menopause occur
Due to decreased AMH and Inhibin and Estrogen as a result of reduced functionality of follicles - increases in FSH due to reduced negative feedback
What happens to LH patterns in perimenopause
Broader and less frequent LH pulses
Urogenital symptoms wrt fallopian tubes
Shrinkage in length, loss of cilliated epthelia and loss of mucosa in fallopian tubes
Urogenital symptoms wrt vagina
Loss of elasticity, reduction in secretions- causing vaginal dryness, dyspareunia (painful intercourse), vulvar pruritis (dry, itchy skin, burning and discomfort), recurrent urogenital infections
What do osteocytes do
Maintain bone tissue, release RANKL
Where is RANK present on
Osteoclasts and all related precursors
What lineage are osteoclasts from
Macrophage/monophage lineage
What inhibits and what stimulates osteoclast activity and how
Calcitonin directly inhibits osteoclast activity, PTH triggers increased RANK-L secretion by osteoblasts leading to more bone resorption and an increase in serum calcium
What else is produced by Osteoblasts and what does it do
Osteoprotegrin, binds to free RANK L so it cannot stimulate bone resorption by binding to RANK on osteoclasts
What happens to bone after menopause
Reduced oestrogen which acts on osteoblasts to reduce the amount of RANK L it releases so more RANKL is secreted
What is the effect of calcitonin
Decreases renal uptake of Calcium and inhibits osteoclasts
Effect of PTH on OB
Increases IL/MCSF, and RANK L, therefore increasing OC activation
Renal effects of PTH
Fast- increases uptake of calcium in kidneys
Intermediate-Increases renal hydroxylation of Vit D to increase intestinal uptake
Does menopause affect muscle mass
Yes, decrease in muscle mass
