meniscal tears Flashcards
what is a meniscal tear?
Meniscal tears refer to damage of the menisci (the C-shaped fibrocartilage found in the knee joint).
what are the functions of the menisci?
(1) shock-absorbers of the knee joint
(2) increase articulating surface area.
what is the pathophysiology of a meniscal tear?
usually result from trauma related injury and degenerative disease
twisted knee while flexed and weight bearing, with symptoms following soon after
what is the most common type of meniscal tear?
longitudinal aka bucket handle
what are the clinical features of a meniscal tear?
patient reports tearing sensation in their knee
intense sudden onset pain
knee swells slowly over 6-12hrs
knee may be locked in flexion and unable to extend
on examination
- tender
- joint effusion
- limited knee flexion
how are meniscal tears investigated?
Plain film radiographs of the affected knee are often performed in the initial assessment to exclude a fracture
An MRI scan is the gold-standard investigation to confirm a meniscal tear, useful to also attempt to identify the type of tear.
how are meniscal tears managed?
initially RICE
(rest, ice, compression and elevation)
pain will usually subside over next few days as tear heals
for larger tears/those that remain symptomatic, arthroscopic surgery is indicated
what is a complication of a meniscal tear?
developing OA in later life
what are the complications of a knee arthroscopy?
Knee arthroscopy carries a risk of deep vein thrombosis and damage to local structures, such as the saphenous nerve and vein, the peroneal nerve, and the popliteal vessels.
