Meningitis, Parkinsons, Seizures, Migraines Flashcards
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain r/t viral infection
Encephalitis S&S
Flu-like: fever, confusion, seizures, nausea, vomiting, nuchal rigidity, issues with senses and movement
Positive kernig or brudzinski
Parkinsons
Neurogenerative disorder related to gradual loss of substania nigra leading to less dopamine being produced
S&S of Parkinsons
Depression
Weakness
Constipation
Tremors at rest
Difficulty speaking, swallowing, excessive salvation
Pill rolling
Shuffled gait/bent forward
Treatment of Parkinsons
No cure
Carbidopa/Levadopa: increase of dopamine, takes 3 weeks to notice improvement
se:body fluids turn dark
Adverse:can lead to dyskinesias after 2-10 years of use
Nursing for Parkinsons
Safety
Psychosocial: maintain autonomy, exercise, support groups
Digestion: easy to chew foods, high fiber
Tonic Clonic Seizure
Stiffening of muscles followed by unconsciousness, hyperventilation, jerking of extremities. Aura.
Abscence Seizure
Brief seizure that lasts seconds, appear to be daydreaming
Atonic seizure
Drop attack
Partial (focal) seizures
Visual disturbances or hallucinations
Automatisms (lip smacking, finger rubbing)
Epilepsy
Chronic seizure activity
Status epilepticus
Single seizure lasting more than 5 minutes. MEDICAL EMERGENCY. IV meds, o2/possible airway
Nursing care during seizure
Side rails up
TIME seizure
Lateral recumbent position with pillow under head
Protect airway
Remove restrictive items
Do not restrain or put anything in mouth
Mirgraine
Recurrent attacks lasting hours to days. Intense headache accompanied by n/v, aura, photophobia, occurs on one side of the head
Treatments for Migraine
Triptans/Imitrex: cause vasoconstriction, reduce inflammation. Use early. Takes 30-60 minutes, may take again in 2-4 hours
Monitor: BP, anxiety
Contraindicated in angina and/or ischemic heart dz
Betablockers used for prevention
Cluster headaches
1-8 daily with excruciating eye/orbit pain accompanied by eye and nasal congestion lasting 15 minutes-3 hours
Avoid alcohol, nitrates, vasodilators and histamines
Treatment for cluster headache
100% 02 by facemask, SQ sumatriptan or intranasal zolmitrpitan
Nifedipine (calcium channel blocker)
Tension headache
Most common, least severe
Caused by contraction of muscles in neck and scalp r/t stress
Meningitis
Viral resolves on its own
Bacterial: infectious organism enters CNS through blood stream. Crowded areas.
S&S of Meningitis
Nuchal rigidity
Photophobia
Rash
Headache
Fever
N/v
Disorientation
Kernigs/Brudzinski
Nursing interventions for meningitis
Droplet precautions
Prophlyaxis treatment for all exposed
Seizure precautions
Quiet room
Minimize ICP, maintain hob 30
Treatment of meningitis
Abx, dexamethasone
Dilantin
Treatment/prevention for seizures
