Meningitis, Parkinsons, Seizures, Migraines

Question 1

Encephalitis

Answer 1

Inflammation of the brain r/t viral infection

Question 2

Encephalitis S&S

Answer 2

Flu-like: fever, confusion, seizures, nausea, vomiting, nuchal rigidity, issues with senses and movement

Positive kernig or brudzinski

Question 3

Parkinsons

Answer 3

Neurogenerative disorder related to gradual loss of substania nigra leading to less dopamine being produced

Question 4

S&S of Parkinsons

Answer 4

Depression
Weakness
Constipation
Tremors at rest
Difficulty speaking, swallowing, excessive salvation
Pill rolling
Shuffled gait/bent forward

Question 5

Treatment of Parkinsons

Answer 5

No cure
Carbidopa/Levadopa: increase of dopamine, takes 3 weeks to notice improvement

se:body fluids turn dark

Adverse:can lead to dyskinesias after 2-10 years of use

Question 6

Nursing for Parkinsons

Answer 6

Safety
Psychosocial: maintain autonomy, exercise, support groups
Digestion: easy to chew foods, high fiber

Question 7

Tonic Clonic Seizure

Answer 7

Stiffening of muscles followed by unconsciousness, hyperventilation, jerking of extremities. Aura.

Question 8

Abscence Seizure

Answer 8

Brief seizure that lasts seconds, appear to be daydreaming

Question 9

Atonic seizure

Answer 9

Drop attack

Question 10

Partial (focal) seizures

Answer 10

Visual disturbances or hallucinations
Automatisms (lip smacking, finger rubbing)

Question 11

Epilepsy

Answer 11

Chronic seizure activity

Question 12

Status epilepticus

Answer 12

Single seizure lasting more than 5 minutes. MEDICAL EMERGENCY. IV meds, o2/possible airway

Question 13

Nursing care during seizure

Answer 13

Side rails up
TIME seizure
Lateral recumbent position with pillow under head
Protect airway
Remove restrictive items
Do not restrain or put anything in mouth

Question 14

Mirgraine

Answer 14

Recurrent attacks lasting hours to days. Intense headache accompanied by n/v, aura, photophobia, occurs on one side of the head

Question 15

Treatments for Migraine

Answer 15

Triptans/Imitrex: cause vasoconstriction, reduce inflammation. Use early. Takes 30-60 minutes, may take again in 2-4 hours

Monitor: BP, anxiety

Contraindicated in angina and/or ischemic heart dz

Betablockers used for prevention

Question 16

Cluster headaches

Answer 16

1-8 daily with excruciating eye/orbit pain accompanied by eye and nasal congestion lasting 15 minutes-3 hours

Avoid alcohol, nitrates, vasodilators and histamines

Question 17

Treatment for cluster headache

Answer 17

100% 02 by facemask, SQ sumatriptan or intranasal zolmitrpitan
Nifedipine (calcium channel blocker)

Question 18

Tension headache

Answer 18

Most common, least severe

Caused by contraction of muscles in neck and scalp r/t stress

Question 19

Meningitis

Answer 19

Viral resolves on its own

Bacterial: infectious organism enters CNS through blood stream. Crowded areas.

Question 20

S&S of Meningitis

Answer 20

Nuchal rigidity
Photophobia
Rash
Headache
Fever
N/v
Disorientation
Kernigs/Brudzinski

Question 21

Nursing interventions for meningitis

Answer 21

Droplet precautions
Prophlyaxis treatment for all exposed
Seizure precautions
Quiet room
Minimize ICP, maintain hob 30

Question 22

Treatment of meningitis

Answer 22

Abx, dexamethasone

Question 23

Dilantin

Answer 23

Treatment/prevention for seizures