Meningitis Flashcards
inflammation of the meninges in the brain and spinal cord
meningitis
what is the difference between meningitis/meningococcal meningitis vs meningococcemia/mengingococcal septicmia
meningitis/meningococcal meningitis: bacterial OR viral infection to the protective membranes covering the brain/SC (meninges)
meningococcemia/mengingococcal septicmia : BACTERIAL infection of the bloodsteam, damaging the walls of blood vessels which can cause blood poisoning/sepsis
what are the different types of causes for meningitis
bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, toxins
invades the meninges to the CNS or bloodstream to the cardiovascular system
bacterial –> which is why it is much more dangerous
what is the most common cause for meningitis and give types
virus
enterovirous (mumps, measles, epstein-barr, influenza
s/s in babies
fever, irritability, poor eating, sleepiness, trouble waking, lethargy, bulging fontanelle
s/s in kids/adults
fever, HA, stiff neck/nucal rigidity, photophobia, sleepiness, difficulty waking up, N/V, irritability, lethargy, altered mental status, abnormal reflexes
which type often presents with a rash
bacterial meningococcemia
who can get meningitis
anyone
what populations are most at risk and which are severely at risk for severe illness
- most at risk: < 5 y/o and people with weakened immune system
- severe illness: < 1 month old
what is the peak period of infection
jan-march
how to dx
blood tests, lumbar puncture (CSF test)
significant lab findings
abnormal CSF findings: turbidity (cloudy = infection), increased opening pressure, increased WBC, decreased glucose concentration, increased protein concentration
describe kernig’s sign
- pt is supine or seated
- bring pt to 90/90 and then extend the knee
(+) pain in L/s, neck or back of thigh with hip flexion and knee extension - due to stretching the meninges
describe brudzinksi’s test
neck flexion will cause hip and knee flexion - to avoid stretching meninges
describe the glass test
place a glass firmly over the rash, see if the rash fades
(+) = rash does not fade
what type is the vaccine for
ONLY bacterial meningococcal
who is the vaccine recommended for
- 11-12 y/o with booster at 16
- adults or children at increased risk
tx for bacterial and outcomes
antibiotics and corticosteroids
- if not tx = increased fatality rate
- can cause permanant disabilities such as brain damage, hearing loss, and learning disabilities
tx for viral and outcomes
most cases improve on own without tx
good prognosis and full recovery
PT working diagnosis
general mm weakness/deconditioning
neurological issues
CD deconditioning
PT POC
strength
endurance
balance/coordination training
PT expected outcomes
- PT usually starts in ICU and work with other specialties
- education on disease stages and expected outcomes
contraindications for PT
- intracranial pressure
- cerebral perfusion pressure
- other lab values
