Meninges Flashcards

1
Q

Meninges

A

3 layers of protective tissue that cover the brain

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2
Q

The 3 meninges layers:

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid Mater
  3. Pia mater

(Outermost to innermost)

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3
Q

Dura Mater

A

Thickest, outermost layer, protective, impermeable

  1. Periosteal Layer
  2. Meningeal Layer
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4
Q

Periosteal Layer

A
  • Attached to inner surface of skull (outer)
  • Adheres tightly to the inner skull
  • Continuous with periosteum on outside of skull bones and sutures
  • Not continuous with dura mater of spinal cord
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5
Q

Meningeal Layer

A

Protective layer covering brain (inner)

  • penetrate spaces in cerebral hemispheres
  • continuous with dura mater of spinal cord and epineurium of cranial nerve
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6
Q

Meningeal layers has two partitions:

A
  1. Falx Cerebri

2. Tentorium Cerebelli

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7
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Middle layer, impermeable, connects dura

  • separated from Pia mater by subarachnoid space that’s filled with CSF
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8
Q

Pia Mater

A

Delicate, permeable, innermost, testing on brain surface

  • vascular membrane that adheres closely to the brain
  • arteries carry sheath of Pia as enter parenchyma
  • fuses with ependymal choroid plexus
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9
Q

Venous sinus

A

Large, low pressure blood vessel return path of cerebral venous blood

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10
Q

Falx Cerebri

A

Sickle-shaped fold that separates cerebral hemispheres

  • superior convex border forms floor of superior Sagittal sinus
  • inferior border houses inferior sagittal sinus
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11
Q

Tentorium Cerebelli

A

Fits between the cerebellum and the occipital lobes

  • separates posterior cranial fossa from rest of cranial vault
  • arches upward along median line to become continuous with Falx cerebri to form straight venous sinus
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12
Q

Falx Cerebri & Tentorium Cerebelli function:

A

Restrict brain displacement associated with acceleration and deceleration

  • hold the brain in place so it doesn’t move
  • they are part of the meningeal layer
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13
Q

Epidural space + hemorrhage/hematoma:

A

Location: tight space between the dura mater and the skull

Cause: rupture of the middle (meningeal) artery during head trauma

Symptoms: no symptoms at first, there’s a lucid interval. But within a few hours, the hematoma compresses the brain and causes an increase in intracranial pressure. This results on herniation and death, unless surgery.

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14
Q

Subdural space + Hemorrhage/hematoma

A

Location: between the dura mater and the loosely adherent arachnoid mater

Cause: rupture of the bridging veins that pass through en-route to Durham sinuses. Vulnerable to shear injury.

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15
Q

Acute Hematoma

A

Occurs with high velocity impact

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16
Q

Chronic Hematoma

A

In elderly. Brain atrophy allows brain to move freely in cranial vault making bridging veins more susceptible to injury. Slow bleeding over weeks/months allows brain to accommodate so symptoms are often vague (headache, cognitive impairment, unsteady gait)

17
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Separates arachnoid mater from Pia mater

  • cerebral arteries and veins lie in this space and send off branches into the brain
  • the branches that go into the brain are aneurysm sites that may hemorrhage
18
Q

Trabeculae

A

Delicate threads that connect arachnoid to Pia

19
Q

Arachnoid granulations

A

The site where CSF diffuse into the venous sinuses

20
Q

Headaches

A

Brain doesn’t have any pain receptors, so pain that causes headache comes from trigeminal and 3 cervical nerve innervating the meninges and vasculature

21
Q

Dura above tentorium

A

Innervating by trigeminal; forehead and face

22
Q

Dura below tentorium

A

Innervating by C1-3; back of head and neck

23
Q

Space occupying lesions

A

Raise intracranial pressure; irritation, stretching of dura

24
Q

Timor located above tentorium:

A

Front of head

25
Tumor locate below tentorium:
Back of head
26
Lesions are an example of
Why pain originates, ex. Tumor
27
Migraine headaches
Depend on activation of trigeminal afferents that densely innervate the meninges
28
Examples of tumors
Lesions, meningitis, meningioma’s
29
Meningioma
Tumor in the meninges
30
Meningitis
Inflammation of meninges. Global pain.
31
Hangover
Multifactorial, but involves direct toxic effect on meninges
32
Cluster headaches
Lancinating/boring periorbital pain. More severe than childbirth.