Mendelian Inheritance I

Question 1

character

Answer 1

heritable feature that varies among individuals
(flower color)

Question 2

trait

Answer 2

one of two or more detectable variants in a genetic character

Question 3

true-breeding

Answer 3

organisms that produce offspring of the same variety over many generations of self-pollination

Question 4

hybridization

Answer 4

the mating or crossing of two true-breeding varieties

Question 4

P generation

Answer 4

parental generation

Question 5

F1 generation

Answer 5

first hybrid generation of offspring from P generation

Question 6

F2 generation

Answer 6

offspring from interbreeding of the hybrid f1 generation

Question 7

alleles

Answer 7

any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects

Question 8

law of segregation

Answer 8

two alleles for a heritable character segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes
only one of the two alleles are present in the somatic cells of an organism

Question 9

SNP

Answer 9

single nucleotide polymorphism

Question 9

Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS)

Answer 9

experimental design used to detect associations between genetic variants and traits in samples from populations

Question 10

Manhattan plot

Answer 10

graphical representation of DNA variants associated with a trait/disease of interest

Question 11

phenotype

Answer 11

reflects overall genotype and unique environmental history

Question 12

blending

Answer 12

idea that genetic material from two parents blend
white and red rose makes pink rose

Question 13

particulate hypothesis

Answer 13

idea that parents pass on genes

Question 14

genotype

Answer 14

genetic makeup of an organism

Question 15

monohybrids

Answer 15

individuals that are heterozygous for one character

Question 16

dihybrid cross

Answer 16

follow two characteristics in the same experiment

Question 17

law of independent assortment

Answer 17

each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs of alleles during gamete formation
(genes on different chromosomes)