Mendelian Genetics Key Terms

Question 1

an alternative version of a gene

Answer 1

allele

Question 2

genetic makeup of an individual/combination of alleles for a gene

Answer 2

genotype

Question 3

the physical expression of the alleles

Answer 3

phenotype

Question 4

having two different alleles for a gene

Answer 4

heterozygous

Question 5

having two of the same alleles for a gene

Answer 5

homozygous

Question 6

parental generation

Answer 6

P

Question 7

first generation of offspring

Answer 7

F1

Question 8

Second generation of offspring

Answer 8

F2

Question 9

when one allele (dominant) prevents the expression of another allele (recessive)

Answer 9

complete dominance

Question 10

used to determine the probability of two or more independent events occurring “AND”

Answer 10

multiplication rule

Question 11

used to determine the probability of mutually exclusive events occurring

Answer 11

addition rule

Question 12

when the heterozygous condition results in a third or intermediate phenotype, usually between the two homozygous conditions

Answer 12

incomplete dominance

Question 13

when the heterozygous condition results in both homozygous conditions being expressed together

Answer 13

codominance

Question 14

when there are more than two alleles for a particular gene within the population

Answer 14

multiple alleles

Question 15

one type of protein found on the surface of red blood cells

Answer 15

agglutinogens

Question 16

type of protein found in the plasma of blood

Answer 16

agglutinins

Question 17

when many genes affect a single phenotype

Answer 17

polygenic inheritance

Question 18

when one gene affects the expression of another gene

Answer 18

epistasis