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General Biology > Mendelian Genetics/Chromosomes > Flashcards

Mendelian Genetics/Chromosomes Flashcards

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1
Q

Particulate Inheritance

A

Characteristics determined by genes

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2
Q

4 concepts of Mendel’s Model

A

Alleles are alternatives of a gene

2 alleles inherited (1 from mom, 1 from dad)

Dominant and recessive alleles

2 principles of hereditary

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3
Q

2 Principles of Hereditary

A

Law of Segregation

Law of Independent Assortment

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4
Q

Law of Segregation

A

Each gamete gets 1 allele

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5
Q

Law of Independent Assortment

A

Action of random assortment

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6
Q

Law of Segregation (Cross)

A

Monohybrid

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7
Q

Law of Independent Assortment (Cross)

A

Dihybrid

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8
Q

Phase of Law of Segregation

A

Anaphase 1

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9
Q

Phase of Law of Independence

A

Metaphase 1

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10
Q

LOS (Ratio)

A

3:1

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11
Q

LoIA (ratio)

A

9:3:3:1

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12
Q

Monohybrid cross looks at…

A

1 trait

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13
Q

Monohybrid cross deteemines…

A

Dominance of the alleles

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14
Q

Dihybrid Cross looks at..

A

2 independent traits

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15
Q

Explain ratio of dihybrid crosses

A

9- hetero/homo dominant

3- dom for 1, rec for other

3- dom for 1, rec for other

1- homo rec for both

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16
Q

Multiplication Rule predicts…

A

combined probability of 2 independent events

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17
Q

Multiplication Rule key word

A

“AND”

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18
Q

Addition Rule predicts…

A

combined probability of MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE events

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19
Q

Addition Rule key word

A

OR

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20
Q

Morgan Experiment

A

Crossed male white eye fly with red eye female

F2 gen: no white eye female. white eye grandchild was male

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21
Q

Morgan Experiment

A

Crossed male white eye fly with red eye female

F2 gen: no white eye female. white eye grandchild was male

22
Q

Morgan Conclusion

A

Eye colour for flies was sex linked

On X chromosome

23
Q

X0 system

A

Only 1 sex chromosom

Insects

X

24
Q

ZW system

A

ovum determines sex

25
Q

ZW stystem males

A

ZZ

26
Q

ZW stystem males

A

ZZ

27
Q

ZW system femalea

A

ZW

28
Q

ZW system femalea

A

ZW

29
Q

Haploid-Diploid system males

A

Haploid

30
Q

Haploid-Diploid System females

A

Diploid (2n)

31
Q

Haploid-Diploid System females

A

Diploid (2n)

32
Q

X0 system males

A

X

33
Q

X0 system males

A

X

34
Q

X0 system females

A

XX

35
Q

X0 system females

A

XX

36
Q

X-inactivation

A

One X chromosome in females condense and becomes inactive

37
Q

X linked genes

A

genes on X chromosome

38
Q

Types of X linkage

A

Hemizygous

Homozygous

39
Q

Hemizygous

A

Males carry 1 X

Either dominant or recessive, no hetero

40
Q

Homozygous

A

Females carry 2 X’s

Recessive alleles can be masked by other X if its dominant

41
Q

how are Recombinant chromosomes madw

A

Non sistee chromatids cross over

42
Q

Distant genes are…

A

not inherited together

NO LINKAGE

43
Q

Linked genes

A

Adjacent genes are inherited together

44
Q

Which genes are likely to be assorted independently

A

Genes that are too far

More likely to be recombinant chromosomes

45
Q

Complete linkage (parental genotype)

A

100%

46
Q

Unlinked linkage (parental genotype)

A

50%

47
Q

Complete linkage (recombination genotype)

A

0%

no recombinant

48
Q

unlinked linkage (recombination genotype)

A

50%

some recombinant

49
Q

Complete linkage description

A

100% parental genotype

gene inherited as a unit

Same chromosome

50
Q

Inomplete linkage description

A

50%-100% parental genotype

Far apart on same chromosome

51
Q

Unlinked linkage description

A

0-50% parental genotype

Different chromosomes

General Biology (14 decks)

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