Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
Alleles, Mendel, etc. Good luck!
genes
portion of DNA that codes for a trait
heredity
passing of genes from parent to offspring
variation
differences among organisms
Mendelian/Classical
follows the laws of Mendel as pattern of inheritance
Non-Mendelian/Modern
follows another pattern of inheritance
Gregor Mendel
father of genetics, Austrian monk plant breeder
Allele
representation and variation form of genes; written in letters
Dominant allele
always expressed; capital letter (A)
Recessive allele
blocked by dominant allele; lowercase letter (a)
Genotype
combination of alleles
Homozygous
same allele (AA)
Heterozygous
different allele (Aa)
Phenotype
physical appearance
Punnett Square
displays probability of different allele combination
Monohybrid test cross
crossing of one trait; 100/4 = 25% of 1/4
Dihybrid test cross
two traits; 100/16 = 6.25% of 1/16
Polyhybrid test cross
three or more traits
Law of Segregation
two alleles for a trait separate during meiosis
Law of Dominance
dominant trait shown; recessive trait is hidden
