Mendel's Law Of Inheritance

Question 1

Heritable traits

Answer 1

Traits passed from parent to offspring. Children resemble their parents more than other members of the population

Question 2

What was the Pangenesis hypothesis and who advocated it?

Answer 2

Hippocrates( ancient Greek philosopher). Hypothesized that some essence of each organ is incorporated in to gametes. Explains why children resemble their parents(inherited required characteristics)

Question 3

How did Aristotle reject Pangenesis?

Answer 3

He recognized that individual changes/acquired characters (losing a hand) are not inherited, and chuldren did not always resemble their parents(mutations). Hypothesized that gametes carry the potential for each organ.

Question 4

Explain the “blending” hypothesis

Answer 4

Late 1800’s, said that traits from both parents are “blended” (averaged) to generate the traits of an offspring (like mixing paints together). Rejected: would act to reduce diversity in a population. Could not explain the phenomenon of traits skipping generations.

Question 5

Competition

Answer 5

More offspring are produced than will survive

Question 6

Variation

Answer 6

Individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 7

Inheritance

Answer 7

Inheritance traits are inherited from parents to offspring

Question 8

Who was Gregor Mendel?

Answer 8

Founder of modern genetics and the particulate theory of inheritance. Studied Inheritance in pea plants. Identified alleles for traits (Inheritance is more like shuffling cards than mixing paints

Question 9

Why did Medel use pea plants to study Inheritance?

Answer 9

Peas can self fertilize. Self fertilization can be prevented by removing stamens from immature flowers. Cross fertilization can be prevented by growing plants in netting to avoid pollination

Question 10

What happens when varieties with opposing traits are mated (monohybrid cross)?

Answer 10

One trait is completely lost from the first (F1) generation. The missing trait returns in only 25% of the offspring. Neither trait is changed (no blending).

Question 11

How many alles does each gamete get?

Answer 11

1 for each trait

Question 12

What happens when gametes combine?

Answer 12

New individuals are back to 2 alleles for each trait

Question 13

Homozygous

Answer 13

When an individual has 2 copies of the same allele

Question 14

Heterogeneous

Answer 14

When an individual has 2 different alleles

Question 15

What happens when 2 traits are followed simultaneously (dihybrid cross)