Mendel and the Gene Idea Flashcards
the idea that genetic material contributed by parents mix
blending hypothesis
parents pass on discrete heritable units
particulate hypothesis
documented a particulate mechanism of inheritance through his experiments with garden peas
Gregor Mendel
By breeding garden peas, mendel discovered the
basic principles of heredity
A heritable feature
character
A variant of a character
trait
The mating of two contrasting, true- breeding varieties
hybridization
The variation in inherited characters, alternative version of genes
alleles
allows is to determine the genotype of an organism with the dominant phentoype
testcross
law of segregation
monohybrid/ single trait
law of independent assortment
dihybrid/ two characters
States that the probability that two or more independent events will occur together is the product of the individual probabilities
multiplication rule
Sates that the probability that an one of the two or more exclusive event will occur is calculated by adding together their individual probabilities
rule of addition
Applying the can ___
predict the outcome of crosses involving multiple characters
Occurs when the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are identical
Complete dominance
Two dominant alleles the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways
Codominance
The phenotype F1 hybrids is somewhere between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties
Incomplete dominance
Lead to synthesis of different proteins that produce a phenotye
dominant and recessive alleles
A gene has multiple phenotypic effects
pleiotropy
A gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus
epistasis
Vary in the population along a continuum
quantitative characters
An additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotype
polygenic inheritance
Phenotypic range of a particular genotype influence by environment
norm of reaction
Influenced by both genetic and environmental factors
multifactorial characters
