Mendel And His Peas

Question 0

Physical characteristic

Answer 0

A physical feature that helps to distinguish an organism or thing

Example: hair color

Question 1

Heredity

Answer 1

The passing of traits from parents to offspring

Question 2

Trait

Answer 2

The different forms of a specific physical characteristics

Example: brown hair, blonde hair, etc.

Question 3

Gregor Mendel

Answer 3

He discovered the principles of heredity through his study of pea plants.
Because of his discoveries, he is known as “the father of genetics.”

Question 4

Genetics

Answer 4

The scientific study of heredity

Question 5

Why were pea plants a good choice

Answer 5

Each characteristic only has two possible traits.
Produce a large number of offspring.
-Easy to collect large amounts of data to study.
Grew quickly.
-The study can be completed faster.

Question 6

Self pollinating plants

Answer 6

Plants fertilize themselves because they contain both male and female reproductive structures.
Both the male and female part has the exact same DNA.
They will be the exact copies of their parents.

Question 7

Cross pollinating

Answer 7

One plant can fertilize a different plant.
Cross-pollination occurs when wind or animals carry pollen from one plant to another.
Offspring will not be the exact copies because DNA from the two plants is different.

Question 8

How did Mendel cross pollinate his plants

Answer 8

He did this by removing the female reproductive parts of one plant and the male reproductive part of the other plant and pollinating the plants by himself

Question 9

Mendel’s first experiment

Answer 9

Mendel cross- pollinated a purebred plant displaying one trait (tall) with a purebred plant displaying the other trait (short)

Question 10

Dominant trait

Answer 10

The trait that showed up in the F generation

Question 11

Recessive trait

Answer 11

The trait that disappeared in the F generation

Question 12

Mendel’s second experiment

Answer 12

Mendel allowed the F1 generation to self pollinate
The offspring were a mixture of tall plants (dominant trait) and short plants (recessive trait) even though both parents(F1 generation) were tall

Question 13

What is The F2 generation

Answer 13

The offspring of the F1 generation

Question 14

What is the F1 generation

Answer 14

The offspring of the parent generation

Question 15

Mendel’s second experiment results

Answer 15

Mendel got the same results in the F2 generation for each of the seven characteristics: a mixture of the dominant and recessive trait

Question 16

Ratios and Mendel’s experiment

Answer 16

Mendel counted the numbers of plants showing the dominant trait or the recessive traits in the F2 generation
Every time the recessive trait showed up less often
For every three plants showing the dominant trait only one plant showed the recessive trait (3:1 ratio)

Question 17

Gregor Mendel- gone but not forgotten

Answer 17

Mendel realized that his results could only be explained if each plant had two sets of instructions (alleles) for each characteristic
Each parent has two sets of instructions(alleles), but only one of those alleles can be passed on to their offspring

Question 18

Alleles

Answer 18

Pieces of DNA that contain instructions for different characteristics and their traits

Question 19

What is each characteristic represented by?

Answer 19

Two alleles, one from each parent

Question 20

The difference between allele and a trait

Answer 20

An allele is the actual DNA instructions, the trait is what the organism looks like because of the instuction

Question 21

Dominant and recessive alleles

Answer 21

The dominant allele masks or hides the recessive alleles

The dominant allele is what makes the trait dominant, so the dominant allele is the same as the dominant trait