Mendel and Heredity Flashcards
trait
a characteristic that is inherited
genetic cross
the purposeful mating of two individuals resulting in the combination of genetic material in the offspring.
gene
specific region of DNA that codes for a particiular protein; part of DNA that controls inherited traits
allele
one of two or more versions of DNA sequence
genotype
a complete set of genetic material of an organism
phenotype
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
dominant trait
an inherited characteristic that appears in an offspring if it is contributed from a parent through a dominant allele.
recessive trait
a trait that is expressed when an organism has two recessive alleles, or forms of a gene.
offspring
the product of the reproductive processes of a person, animal, or plant
generation
a single step in the line of descent from an ancestor.
probability
is the chance that a given outcome will occur.
homozygous
having two alleles that are the same for a particular gene
heterozygous
having two different alleles of a particular gene
chromosome
threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell.
