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Science Grade 7 > Mendel and Genetics > Flashcards

Mendel and Genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

flower

A

reproductive organ in most plants

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2
Q

petal

A

brightly colored, fragrant flower parts that are used to attract pollinators

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3
Q

sepal

A

leaf-like structure at the bottom of the petals of a flower that supports and strengthens the petals

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4
Q

pistil

A

female reproductive structure in flowers

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5
Q

stigma

A

sticky top of the pistil

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6
Q

style

A

slender neck of the pistil

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7
Q

ovary

A

bulb-like base of the pistil

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8
Q

ovule

A

part of the ovary that contains an egg cell

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9
Q

stamen

A

male reproductive structure in flowers

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10
Q

anther

A

top of the stamen where pollen cells are made

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11
Q

filament

A

stalk-like part of the stamen

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12
Q

pollen grain

A

male gamete in plants

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13
Q

pollination

A

the movement of pollen from the anther to the stigma

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14
Q

self pollination

A

the movement of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same flower

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15
Q

cross pollination

A

the movement of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a different flower

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16
Q

pollen tube

A

grows and carries pollen from the stigma to the ovule after pollen lands on the pistil of a flower

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17
Q

**fertilization

A

the joining of pollen and egg

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18
Q

trait

A

the physical characteristics of an organism

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19
Q

hereditary

A

the passing of traits from parents to offspring

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20
Q

genetics

A

the scientific study of heredity

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21
Q

**fertilization

A

the joining of sperm and egg to produce a new organism

22
Q

purebred

A

an organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent

23
Q

selection

A

organisms are chosen for breeding

24
Q

filial-

A

LATIN-means “son” or “daughter”

25
Q

gene

A

a piece of DNA on a chromosome that affects a specific trait

26
Q

alleles

A

the different forms of a gene

27
Q

dominant

A

an allele whose trait always shows up in an organism

28
Q

recessive

A

an allele whose trait only shows up when two of the alleles are present and is masked when paired with a dominant allele

29
Q

hybrid

A

an organism that has two different alleles for a trait

30
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

the molecule that holds genetic information

31
Q

homozygous

A

“pure” having two identical alleles at a given location

32
Q

heterozygous

A

“hybrid” having two different alleles at a given location

33
Q

probability

A

the likelihood that a particular event will occur

34
Q

Punnett square

A

a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross

35
Q

genotype

A

an organism’s genetic makeup or the actual alleles present

36
Q

phenotype

A

an organism’s physical appearance or visible traits

37
Q

co-dominance

A

when two different alleles exist, but neither are dominant nor recessive. Both alleles are expressed in the offspring

38
Q

mixed dominance or blending

A

when two different alleles exist, but neither are dominant nor recessive.
The traits mix and are expressed as a third trait

39
Q

multiple alleles

A

a gene pair for a single trait that has three or more forms of the gene

40
Q

X-chromosome

A

female sex chromosome. Females have two X-chormosomes

41
Q

Y-chromosome

A

male sex chromosome. Males have one Y-chromosome and one X-chromosome

42
Q

carrier

A

an organism that has a recessive gene for a trait but does not exhibit the trait because of a dominant gene that hides it

43
Q

sex-linked gene

A

genes that are carried on the X-chromosome

44
Q

pedigree

A

a tool that geneticists use to trace the inheritance of traits in huans or other organisms

45
Q

genetic disorder

A

an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes and is present at conception

46
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

a genetic disorder in which the body produces abnormally thick mucus that fills the lungs making it hard for the infected person to breathe

47
Q

Sickle Cell Anemia

A

a genetic disorder that affects the red blood cells causing them to take on an irregular shape during periods when the oxygen level is low

48
Q

Hemophilia

A

a sex-linked disorder in which a person’s blood clots very slowly or not at all

49
Q

Down Syndrome

A

a genetic disorder caused when the 21st pair of chromosomes does not separate normally during meiosis causing the offspring to have 47 chromosomes.

50
Q

sex-linked disorder

A

conditions and disease that are caused by genes on the x chromosome

Science Grade 7 (4 decks)

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