MENA Part II and Russia Map Review Sheet Flashcards
define jihad
violent extreme in islam
define mujahideen
people who engage in jihad (motivated by politics/religion)
why did the Soviet invasion last so long
strong resistance from Afghan Mujahideen
how did Taliban gain support and power
from Pakistan, conversion of people, military victories
how is Osama bin Laden involved with Afghanistan
founder and leader of al-Qaeda, the militant Islamist organization responsible for some of the deadliest terrorist attacks in modern history
where did Arab spring begin
Tunisia
What was the aim of the protests for Arab spring
Protesters challenged the existing authoritarian regimes
Mohammad Bouazizi
set himself on fire (in protest)
Moammar Gadhafi
president captured and killed
Hosni Mubarak
President since the assassination of Sadat in 1981 but stepped down in 2011
Mohammed Morsi
elected in 2012 but people protested against
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
took over (still president now)
Who are the three main groups of people in Iraq
⅔ - Arab (More Shia)
¼ - Kurds (Sunni)
Rest are smaller ethnic groups
Explain how Saddam Hussein changed the country in the 1970’s
-Wants to modernize and secularize Iraq
-High gas prices gave him money to implement education, health care and public housing
-Secularized legal system
-Women were given freedoms
-Does not go over well with Shia
What was the Iran Iraq War about - why did they fight, who supported whom, who
won
-Iranian revolution in 1979 - Iran denounces Iraq’s reforms
-Iraq invades Iran to gain control of Persian Gulf and to prevent spread of revolution
-Gulf states back Iraq
-U.S. officially neutral but helped Iraq
No winner
Destroyed Iraq’s economy
Why are the Kurds frequently targeted
own ethnic identity and no home
Why did Saddam Hussein invade Kuwait in 1990?
nation’s large oil reserves, canceling a large debt Iraq owed Kuwait, and expanding Iraqi power in the region
What reasons did the US give to justify the invasion of Iraq after 9-11- 2001?
Iraq appeared to be a major threat to national security, and the United States considered Saddam Hussein to be a terrorist.
Explain the Bush Doctrine
“Axis of Evil”
ISIS stands for?
Islamic state of Iraq and Syria (Levant)
how did ISIS form
Formed in prisons of Iraq during American occupation
ISIS goals
Advocate end of Sykes-Picot and world wide Sunni caliphate
Reached height of territory control in 2015
