Men & womens health Flashcards by Corrinne Capstick

A rapidly progressing polymicrobial necrotizing fascitis of th external gentialia and perineum
c/o abrupt pain redness and swelling of skin

fourniers gangrene

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foreskin cant be returned to original position

paraphimosis

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prolonged and painful erection

priapism

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male with new onset lower back pain/ rectal perineal pain with difficulty voiding

prostate cancer

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most common solid malignancy affecting males age 15-35 years

testicular cancer

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nodule with heaviness/achiing with a larger testicle and tenderness

testicular cancer

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abrupt onset of extremely painful annd swollen testicle with lower abdominal pain (EMERGENCY)

testicular torsion

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abrupt onset of blue colored mass in testicle in school aged boy, cremasteric reflex is present

torsion of the appendix testis

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testicle draws in with touch at groin of close to testicle/ when is this not present

cremasteric reflex…. testiclar torsion

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sperm production that begins in late puberty, ideal temp 1-2 degress lower than body temp

spermatogenesis

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undescended testes

cryptochidism

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condition that increases risk of testicular cancer

cryptochidism

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heart shaped gland that grows through entire male life

prostate

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coiled tubular organ on posterior of testis that stores immature sperm

epididymis

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structure that transports sperm thats cut in vasectomy

vas deferens

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direct beam of light behind scrotum & what results mean

transillumination: light - hydrocele … no light - varicocele, testicular tumor

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feels like a bag of worms

varicocele

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acute infection of the prostate caused by gram negative organisms

acute bacterial prostatitis

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sudden onset of fever/chills with suprapubic pain radiating to back /rectum with firm edematous and tener prostate

acute bacterial prostatitis

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treatment for bacterial prostatis

fluoquinolones or sulfa

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acute onset of scrotal pain most commonly caused by gram negative e coli or STI

acute epididymitis

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relief of pain with scrotal elevation

positive prehns sign: Positive Prehn’s sign indicates there is pain relief with lifting the affected testicle, which points towards epididymitis. Negative prehns: Negative Prehn’s sign indicates no pain relief with lifting the affected testicle, which points towards testicular torsion which is a surgical emergency and must be relieved within 6 hours

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candidal infection of the glans penis

balanitis

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gradual onset of urinary obstructive symptoms with enlarged prostate

benign prostatic hyperplasia

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treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

1st line: aplha 1 adrenergic (flomax) with ED: PDE5 sildenafil for progression: proscar (finasteride) blocks androgen receptor

decreases prostate size by 50% (psa must be doubled) and if stopped original prostate size will return

proscar

infections of the prostate >6 weeks

chronic bacterial prostatitis

testicle does not descend by 4 months old

cryptorchidism

conditino that increases risk of testicular cancer and sterility

cryptorchidism

medication with highest risk of ED

SSRI paroxetine

serous fluid collected inside the tunica vaginalis, glow with transillumination

hydrocele

inflammatory and localized fibrotic plaques on the tunica albuginea causing penile pain during erection

peyronies disease

nonretractable foreskin

phimosis

foreskin cant be returned to original placement

paraphimosis

fluid filled cyst of nonviable sperm, treated only if they cause pain

spermatocele

new onset "bag of worms" that can signal tumor or mass impediing drainage

varicocele

treatment for male with ED and BPH

alpha blocker (terazosin)

finasteride is what class of drug

category x: teratogenic....pregan peple handle with gloves

genes associated with breaast cancer

BRCA 1 BRCA2

common location of breast mass

tail of spence

skin changes seen with breast mass

peau d'orange

sudden onset of red swollen tender area on breast similar to mastitis presentation

inflammaotry breast cancer

best screening for ovarian cancer

genetic (BRCA 1 BRC2)

red colored scaly rash on nipple spreading to areola in older women

pagets disease of the breast

findings on palpation of postmenopausal womens breasts

softer with less volume and pendulous

hard irregular mass on palpation of breast that is not mobile

breast cancer

inital step after finding breast mass

refer for biopsy

palpable ovary in postmenopausal women

rule out ovarian cancer with intravaginal u/s

absence of menarche by age 15

primary amennorrhea

most common cause of primary amenorrhea

turner syndrome

vaginal dryness with dysparenuia and atrophic changes

vulvovaginal atrophy

initial treatment for atrophic vaginitis

lubricant

preferred treatment for moderate to severe atrophic vaginitis

topical estrogen

reproductive aged woman between 25-35 years old with moderate to severe pelvic pain during menses, heavy cramping and dyspareunia

endometriosis

cyclic bilateral breast tenderness before periods with breasts feeling lumpy or nodular

fibrocystic breast changes

chronic inflammaotry disorder of the vulva skin: flat topped and slightly scaly hypopigmented and white and change to look like cigarette paper

lichensclerosis

bulging of anterior vaginal wall with urinary incontinence

cystocele

bulging on posterior vaginal wall with feeling of rectal fullness and pressure

rectocele

hormone abnormality with anovulation or oligoanovulation, infetility, excessive estrogen, high androgen production and insulin resistance

PCOS

contraindications to MRI

any metal in body

cause of hot flashes in menopause

decreased estrogen and progesterone causing receptors to be unbound

bowel sounds with hernias

hyper, highpitched or tinklnig or absent /hypo

cause of gynecomastia

normal in infants, older kids/adults: decrease androgen or increased estrogen affect due to proliferation of the stroma

cause of overflow incontinece (frequent dribbling from overfull bladder)

BPH

medications that cause ED

SSRI

post vasectomy intercourse recommendations

not sterile until 20 ejaculations, recheck at 3 months

hyperthyroid effects on menstruation

irregular and ligther flow causing infertility problems

hypothyroid effect on menstruation

oligomennohea, menorrhagis, anovulatory

vasectomy complications

mild discomfort for a few days.... hematoma (<5%) sperm granuloma

other name for non lactation mastitis

inflammatory breast cancer

breast cancer risk with vaginal estrogen use

less likely due to only local and minimal systemic involvement.... oral increases risk

common signs of ovarian cancer

abdominal bloating, discomfort, pelvic/back paindyspareunia, changes in bowel habits

timeline for medical abortions

9 weeks gestation in NS, up to 11 weeks