Memory: Types Of Long Term Memory Flashcards
Who created the idea that there are 3 TYPES of LTM?
Tulving
Name the 3 TYPES of LTM
Procedural
Semantic
Episodic
Procedural Memory is knowing…
HOW
Knowing HOW is what type of LTM?
Procedural
Semantic memory is knowing …
THAT
Knowing that is what type of LTM?
Semantic
Episodic memory is knowledge of …
Events
Knowledge of events is what type of LTM?
Episodic
Procedural memory is knowledge of what skills?
Motor Skills
Knowledge of motor skills is what type of LTM
Procedural
Give an example of a motor skill that procedural memory is responsible for
Riding a bike
Procedural memories cannot be explained as they are unconscious - give the key term.
Non-declarative
Non-declarative memories mean that they are …
Unconscious
Name the 2 areas of the brain responsible for procedural memories
Cerebellum
Motor Cortex
The Motor Cortex is responsible for which type of LTM?
Procedural
The Cerebellum is responsible for which type of LTM?
Procedural
Riding a bike is an example of which type of LTM?
Procedural
Tulving criticised the MSM’s view of LTM for being too?
Simplistic
The MSM states LTM is unitary - what did Tulving state about LTM to criticise this idea?
There are 3 types
Semantic memories are what about the world?
Knowledge
Give an example of semantic memory
London capital of England
London is the capital of England is an example of what type of LTM
Semantic memory
Semantic memories involve conscious recall - what is the key term?
Declarative
Semantic memories are declarative, meaning they require?
Conscious recall
We do not remember when/where we coded semantic memories, this means they are not …
Time stamped
Semantic memories are not time-stamped, meaning we do not remember …. or …. we coded the information
When or Where
What brain region is responsible for semantic memories?
Temporal Lobe
The Temporal Lobe is responsible for which type of LTM?
Semantic
Knowledge of events is what type of LTM?
Episodic
Give an example of an episodic memory
First day of school//birthday//wedding//funeral
Your first day of school or a birthday is an example of what type of LTM?
Episodic
Episodic memories require conscious recall, what is the key term?
Declarative
Episodic memories are declarative, this means they require?
Conscious recall
We know when & where we coded episodic memories, this means they are …
Time-stamped
Episodic memories are time-stamped, this means we remember … and … we coded the information
When and where
Which brain region is responsible for episodic memories?
Hippocampus
The Hippocampus is responsible for which type of LTM?
Episodic
MCQ1
A
MCQ2
B
Types of LTM can be praised for using what types of methods to study the topic?
Scientific Methods
Give an example of a scientific method used to study types of LTM
fMRI//brain scans
AO3: Who supports the idea that there are different types of LTM?
Clive Wearing
AO3: Which of Clive’s types of LTM was damaged?
Episodic
AO3: Clive could not remember key events in his past like his education - this suggests that which type of LTM is damaged?
Episodic
AO3: Which type of LTM was in-tact for Clive?
Procedural
AO3: Clive could still play the piano despite his severe case of amnesia - this suggests that type of LTM is in-tact?
Procedural
AO3: How can the case study of Clive Wearing that supports types of LTM be criticised?
Low population validity
AO3: Why can the study of Clive be criticised for low population validity?
Only the study of 1 person
AO3: As Clive is a unique case and only the study of 1 individual, what is it difficult to do?
Generalise the results to the target population
AO3: What kind of evidence to support the idea of Types of LTM do we have from examples such as PET scans?
Neuroimaging evidence
AO3: Neuroimaging evidence comes from conducting what type of scan?
PET
Sherry can remember her tenth birthday party when she was on holiday in France. During this holiday her father taught her how to swim. Although it took time for her to learn, she barely has to think about how to swim now. Sherry can also remember the French words for the food she ate while they were in France, even though she did not speak any French before the holiday.
With reference to Sherry’s experiences, explain episodic memory.
Sherry remembering her tenth birthday party/when she was on holiday in France are examples of episodic memory because she recalls the events that took place at a specific point in time
Sherry can remember her tenth birthday party when she was on holiday in France. During this holiday her father taught her how to swim. Although it took time for her to learn, she barely has to think about how to swim now. Sherry can also remember the French words for the food she ate while they were in France, even though she did not speak any French before the holiday.
With reference to Sherry’s experiences, explain procedural memory.
Sherry remembering how to swim is an example of procedural memory because she is remembering an automatic action/muscle-based memory
Sherry can remember her tenth birthday party when she was on holiday in France. During this holiday her father taught her how to swim. Although it took time for her to learn, she barely has to think about how to swim now. Sherry can also remember the French words for the food she ate while they were in France, even though she did not speak any French before the holiday.
With reference to Sherry’s experiences, explain semantic memory.
Sherry recalling the French words (for the food she ate) is an example of semantic memory because it involves remembering factual/meaningful information.
Annie can still skateboard even though she hasn’t skated for many years. What type of LTM is this, explain.
Annie’s case/remembering how to skateboard is an example of procedural memory (1) because she is remembering an action or muscle-based memory (1).
What type of LTM is this, explain.
Germaine can still recall what happened on his first day at university even though it was ages ago.
What type of LTM is this, explain.
Germaine’s case/remembering what happened is an example of episodic memory (or autobiographical memory) (1) because he recalls the events that took place at a specific point in time (1).
Billy remembers the names of the tools he needs to repair the broken tap.
Billy’s case/remembering the names of tools is an example of semantic memory (1) because he remembers factual/meaningful information (1).
