Memory: The multi-store model of memory Flashcards
Define MSM
An explanation of memory based on 3 separate stores + how info is transferred between these stores
What is the sensory register
Place where info is held at each sense e.g. ears, eyes, mouth, nose, fingers etc.
Who created the MSM?
Atkinson + Shiffrin (1968)
What are the 3 stores in the MSM?
Sensory memory
STM
LTM
How does the MSM link together?
attention + rehearsal
How does the MSM begin?
With environmental stimuli e.g. sound smells etc. which is picked up by the sensory register
Where is info held once it’s picked up by the sensory register?
Info is held at each sense,
Sensory register has a very large capacity as it’s subjected to all info that’s revealed to us BUT only stores info we pay attention to.
What happens once an individual pays attention to an environmental stimuli (sense)?
the data is transferred from the sensory register to the STM
What is info used for once it’s been transferred from the sensory register to the STM?
Used for immediate tasks such as remembering directions.
How does info stay in the STM?
Maintenance rehearsal
What happens if maintenance doesn’t occur in STM?
Info decays or disappears or displaced by new info due to limited capacity
How is info transferred from STM to LTM?
Maintenance rehearsal
What did Atkinson + Shiffrin propose a relationship between?
rehearsal + strength of LTM (more rehearsal = better memory)
How is info retrieved once stored by the LTM?
Retrieved (through retrieval) to be transferred to the STM so it’s available to use.
Draw the MSM
Look at textbook
What are the 4 AO3 points for MSM?
+case study
+supporting evidence
-too simple
-LTM involves more than maintenance rehearsal
(+AO3) What case study supports the MSM?
A man named HM had brain damage (hippocampus removed) his personality + intellect remained but couldn’t form new LTM and could remember info from before the surgery proving that LTM + STM are 2 distinct stores.
(+AO3) What is the supporting evidence for the MSM?
Studies from brain scanning techniques also suggests thar there’s a separate store for LTM + STM.
Beardsley found that the prefrontal cortex was active during STM but not LTM providing strong evidence of the STM Squire et al. (1992) found that the hippocampus was active when LTM is engaged.
(-AO3) Why could the MSM be regarded as too simple?
Suggests STM + LTM are single unitary stores, but research doesn’t support this. The WMM provides a more detailed alternative.
(-AO3) why does the LTM need more than just maintenance rehearsal?
Lockhart suggested enduring memories are created by the processing you do rather than through maintenance rehearsal. Things that are processed more deeply are more memorable.
