Memory Sucks! Flashcards
Encoding Failure
Can’t remember
Encode
“Your memory’s are only as good as your decoding!”
Store
To store your member and go back to when need.
Retrieve / Retrieval Failure
Can’t remember you best friends name at that point of time.
Sensory Memory
Memory for material after only a very brief exposure, last only 1-3 sec.
Iconic
A visual memory- Visual member in 3 sec.
Echoic
Auditor memory by hearing. Listen in 3 sec.
[Sensory Memory]
7x -2 Cap 20 Sec.
[Short Term Memory]
7+ -2 20 Sec. 30 Sec. Max
[Long Term Memory]
- Unlimited It’s a lot of long term memory
Short-Term Memory
Short-Term Memory- Called the “working memory,” capacity is 7+/-2(5-9), duration: 20 seconds, 30 seconds max
- Short term memory also called working memory.
Long-Term Memory
Long-Term Memory- Seemingly unlimited in duration and capacity
- The Longest length of time for short term memory is 20 sec. Max 30 sec. - The max of chucks of information is seven!
Chunking
Chunking- A mnemonic technique to improve recall “Homes” the Great Lake names!
- 7 things of information “chunk together to remember better!”
Rehearsal
Rehearsal- Repeating information over and over again in order to get it into long term memory
& it’s a Long-Term Memory- Seemingly unlimited in duration and capacity
Recognition
A test of memory requiring the ability of identify
Recall
A test of memory requiring the ability to retrieve stored content
Spacing Effect
Information is better retained if it is learned through distributed practice across time
Mood Congruency Effect
Mood Congruency Effect- Memories are affected by [the mood] that you happen to be in at the time of retrieval
Hippocampus
Hippocampus- Brain structure involved in the ability of form new memories.
“Be able to lay down new memories.”
Retrieval Cue
Retrieval Cue- Anything in the “environment” that triggers a memory.
State a Dependent Memory
State a Dependent Memory- Memories that are context PM- same as this dependent on in the same Physiological state
Serial Position Effect
Serial Position Effect- First and last items on list are more likely to be recalled
Primacy Effect
Primacy Effect- When recalled later, more likely to recall the first items on the list
Recency Effect
Recency Effect- When immediately recalled, more likely to remember the last items on the list
Semantic Encoding / Meaningful Encoding
Semantic Encoding / Meaningful Encoding- Encoding the meaning of something; schemas
- Meaning are only good as your encoding!
Explicit Memory
Explicit Memory- Memories that are consciously recalled, intentional and effortful
- Consciously recalled- Awareness memory!
Implicit Memory
Implicit Memory- Memories that are [Triggered] by a retrieval cue, effortful
- Cue- You see it!
Decay Theory of Forgetting
Decay Theory of Forgetting- Memories that are not recalled are lost because the neural circuits- engrams-that represent the memory, decay and are then destroyed.
Interference Theory of Forgetting “recall”
Interference Theory of Forgetting “recall”- Information interferes with recall of other information.
Proactive Interference
Proactive Interference- Prior information interferes with learning new information
- Declare Theory- Use it or lose it!!
Retroactive Interference
Retroactive Interference- New information interferes with recalling previous information
- Interface Theory- Bits of interfere with bits of other information organize.
Flashbulb Memory
Flashbulb Memory- Very clear and detailed memory of a significant emotional event.
