Memory Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

p^

A

Sample statistic

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2
Q

p

A

Population parameter

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3
Q

p0

A

Parameter used in null hypothesis

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4
Q

P-value

A

Probability of test statistic or more extreme happening by natural variation

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5
Q

Z

A

Standardized score

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6
Q

Z*

A

Upper p critical value (right tail)

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7
Q

-Z*

A

Lower p critical value (left tail)

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8
Q

H0

A

Null hypothesis

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9
Q

HA

A

Alternate hypothesis

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10
Q

n

A

Sample size

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11
Q

N

A

Population size

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12
Q

np^

A

successes expected in sample

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13
Q

nq^

A

failures expected in sample

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14
Q

np0

A

successes observed

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15
Q

nq0

A

failures observed

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16
Q

Square root (p^q^/n)

A

Standard error of sample population

17
Q

Square root (p0q0/n)

A

Standard deviation of parameter in 1propZtest

18
Q

Z*square root(p^q^/n)

A

Margin of error for 1propZtest

19
Q

p^(+/-)Z*square root(p^q^/n)

A

1PropZInterval

20
Q

(p^-p0)/square root(p0q0/n)

A

Test statistic for Z distribution|Z value in 1PropZTest

21
Q

How do you find outliers in a set of data?

A

Lower: Q1-1.5IQR
Upper: Q3+1.5IQR
IQR=Q3-Q1

22
Q

What is the most important difference between an SRS and a stratified random sample?

A

SRS: every element of population has same probability of being drawn
Stratified random sample creates homogeneous groups, then takes SRS

23
Q

How do you tell the difference between an observational study and an experiment?

A

Observational study observes only- no treatment

Experiment imposes a treatment on subjects

24
Q

Formula to find the slope of the LSRL

A

slope^=r(Sy/Sx)

25
Template answer to describe the slope of the LSRL in context
For every 1 unit increase in x-variable, y-variable is predicted to increase/decrease according to slope
26
Template answer to describe the y-intercept of the LSRL in context
The predicted value of y (y^) when x-variable=0
27
Template answer to describe what R2 is
The % of the variability of the dependent variable (y^) that can be explained by the LSRL relating x and y^.
28
What are the Z-scores for 90%, 95%, 98%, and 99% confidence intervals?
90%: 1.645 95%: 1.96 98%: 2.326 99%: 2.576
29
What is a type I and type II error?
Type I: rejecting the null when it's true | Type II: failing to reject the null when it's false
30
What does the p-value mean in context?
The probability the observed statistic- or one more extreme- will happen by natural variation, if the null is true
31
What is meant by the power of the test?
The probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis when it's false
32
What are the two most effective ways to increase the power of a test?
Increase sample size | Increase significance level (alpha)
33
Formulas for ALL confidence intervals
statistic(+/-)critical value(standard deviation of statistic)
34
Formulas to find the test statistic for ALL tests
(statistic-parameter)/standard deviation of statistic
35
What is ALWAYS the null hypothesis for a matched pairs t test?
Mdiff=0
36
What are the null hypotheses for the 3 different x2 tests?
``` GOF= H0: the sample data fit/match the population Independence= H0: the two variables are independent of one another Homogeneity= H0: there is no difference in group proportions ```