Memory Pt 1 and 2

Question 1

kinds of memory

Answer 1

episodic
semantic
procedural
habitual
conditioning (classical v operant)
priming
statistical
motor sequence learning
rilkean memory

Question 2

episodic

Answer 2

memories of events ( ex: birthday)

Question 3

semantic (facts)

Answer 3

remember facts (ex: president of US)

Question 4

procedural memory

Answer 4

skills (ex: riding a bike)

Question 5

habitual memory

Answer 5

memory of everyday habits (ex: putting on a seatbelt)

Question 6

conditioning memory

Answer 6

unconsciously learning to associate one thing with another

Question 7

operant conditioning

Answer 7

reward and punishment to reinforce behavior (neg and pos)

Question 8

classical condiitoning

Answer 8

conditioned response with stimulus (ex: pavlov’s dogs)

Question 9

priming memory

Answer 9

one thing reminds you of another
(ex: thinking of ketchup whenever you see a hot dog)

Question 10

conceptual associative priming

Answer 10

ex: nurses are essential to a well functioning hospital
what is a word that starts w d?
doctors

Question 11

perceptual associative priming

Answer 11

cots are uncomfrotable. Which of the following is a word? Blats, Cats, Zats? Answer: Cats

Question 12

statistical memory

Answer 12

unconscious cognitive process in which repeated patterns, or regularities, are extracted from the sensory environment.
ex: assuming light is from above in dot

Question 13

statistical learning and word parsing

Answer 13

space between tee and bay because of the words though there is a space equally between all the part

Question 14

motor sequence learning

Answer 14

involves predictive processing that results in the anticipation of each component of a sequence of actions

Question 15

rilkean memory

Answer 15

nostalgia

Question 16

Working memory Luck and Vogel

Answer 16

showed people 4 colored bars, then took them away. then showed 4 colored bars again and asked if there was any difference.
by adding more objects, performance does down. can only keep track of 4-5 objects at once - finite limit to the amount of memories can be kept in working memory

Question 17

forgetting

Sensory Memory vs Working Memory

Answer 17

working memory can last up to 10 seconds, sensory memory is shorted

Question 18

forgetting

working memory

Answer 18

reading span task

participants have to remember the last word of each given sen- tence. the sentences are unrelated.
The largest set size for which the subject successfully recalls all of the final words for at least three of five sets is defined as his or her reading span

Question 19

Henry Molaison

Answer 19

A patient who, because of damage to medial temporal lobe structures, was unable to encode new declarative memories.

Question 20

mirror tracing task

Answer 20

Milner: patient HM and other subjects had to trace a star in a mirror
identical implicit learning: muscle memory
no explicit learning: no conscious recollection of doing it, all got better with practice
can still acquire new skills and preserve old skills

Question 21

chunking

Answer 21

grouping information to memorize less things to maximize memorization for working memory

Question 22

childhood amnseia and why?

Answer 22

Adults have few autobiographical memories before 3 years of age
Adult have relatively fewer autobiographical memories 3-7 years of age

● Autobiographical memories aren’t formed before 3, fewer 3-7
● Autobiographical memories aren’t retained before 3, fewer 3-7 ( evidence: There seems to be long-term recall in children as young as 9 months, Children seem to have many of the abilities required for memory)

Question 23

Hyperthymesia

Answer 23

near perfect episodic memories

Question 24

peterson and peterson (1959) experiment

Answer 24

participants had to recall meaningless 3 consonant syllables such as: TGH, CLS, GPR

splitting longer lists like this into pieces = chunking retains working memory

Question 25

problem with: police lineup

Answer 25

one should show suspects one by one and not in a lineup because then they’ll likely choose who looks the most similar to who you remember

Question 26

memory is…

Answer 26

a highly fallible process

Question 28

misremembering: Brady and Alvarez (2022)

Answer 28

given multiple different sized dots on screen. dots disappear and then you have to indicate the side of a chosen/indicated dot on the screen.
if there are a lot of small dots, you’ll think the chosen dot is smaller than it actually was. same with colors, if dots of a color are generally smaller, and you are given a larger dot size of that color, you will indicate that it was smaller than it was
misremembering on a short term scale. due to humans creating generalizations and mental statistical ideas on what appeared on the screen

Question 29

random access memory (RAM)

Answer 29

memory can work like this, an organized serachable list
ex: Telephone book. can be systematic by time, location etc.

Question 30

RAM storage connection: Scrub Jays

Answer 30

If they want a particular food/bug, they will go to a particular area where they remember them being in / if they buried them there. they remember WHEN they buried there ( if the food is still good now) , WHERE it was, and WHAT was there.
Clayton and Dickinson 1999

Question 31

computational mode of content addressable memory (CAM)

Answer 31

you put in an address-content chart of rows of binary, then provide an input row missing a number from its row, the system will choose the most similar row from the chart to output

Question 32

CAM Storage connection: scuba diving

Answer 32

scuba diving
you can remember something better if you recreate the total experience.
Godden and Baddeley 1975

Question 33

storage: State-Dependent retrieval example

Answer 33

ex: being high
you remember things when you are in the same states in which you are experiencing

Question 34

Neural Network Model of Content-Addressable Memory: Hopfield Network

Answer 34

The goal is to design a neural network that can be used to store patterns, and that will give back the proper stored pattern when it is presented with a partial match to the pattern.