Memory Processes Flashcards
Encoding
Translating/changing information into a form which can be understood by the brain
Types of encoding
Visual, Acoustic, Semantic
Visual Encoding
Information encoded in terms of appearance (how it looks)
Acoustic Encoding
Information encoded in terms of sound (how it sounds)
Semantic Encoding
Information encoded in terms of meaning
Storage
Information being kept in the brain for a period of time (up to a lifetime)
Retrieval
Information being located and brought back (recalled)
Types of Retrieval
Recognition, Cued Recall, Free Recall
Recognition
Remembering an item based on the fact that you have seen it before
Cued Recall
Recalling information with help from ‘cues’ or ‘clues’
Free Recall
Retrieval of information without any ‘cues’
Types of Storage
Long - Term Memory, Short - Term Memory, Sensory Memory
Types of LTM
Episodic, Semantic, Procedural
Episodic LTM
Based on experiences in life. You can remember where, who, what, when, why, etc.
Semantic LTM
Based on meaning and knowledge that is shared with others.
Procedural LTM
Commonly called ‘muscle memory’. Unconscious knowledge of how to do things.
Describe the flow of the Multi Store Model of Memory
Input from environment -> Sensory -> STM -> LTM
How to transfer from sensory memory to STM?
Attention
Define Attention
Process that makes people aware of information in the memory
How to transfer from STM to LTM?
Prolonged rehearsal
Maintenance Rehearsal
Process of repeating information so t stays in storage
Displacement
Information is replaced by new information so it is forgotten
Capacity
Amount of information held
Duration
How long information can be held
Sensory Capacity
Unlimited
Sensory Encoding
Sense-specific, modality-specific
Sensory Duration
Less than 0.5 seconds
STM Capacity
5 - 9 items
