Memory Master Final

Question 1

Where does the spinal cord end in the neonate?

Answer 1

L3 lower border

Question 2

What sign would indicate a high or total spinal?

Answer 2

Decreasing O2 saturation is the earliest sign
Respiratory insufficiency instead of hypotension due to relatively immature sympathetic nervous system
Immature sympathetic nervous system, the cardiovascular parameters are remarkably stable in the neonate with high or total spinal.

Question 3

Maximum dose of 0.25% bupivacaine that should be used for pediatric caudal anesthesia?

Answer 3

Bupivacaine 0.25% at 1mL/kg up to max of 25 mL can provide 3-6 hours of anesthesia for surgical procedures below the level of the diaphragm.

Question 4

What is the appropriate volume for a pediatric epidural blood patch?

Answer 4

In the child who is awake, the practitioner should stop blood infusion once the child feels discomfort of pressure in the back

In the anesthetized patients, no more than 0.3 mL/kg of blood should be injected into the epidural space.