memory manipulation pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

repressed memories?

A

failing to remember something that occurred due to trauma

i.e. sexual abuse

a lot of debate on whether these memories are real or fake

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2
Q

what is the only way to distinguish b/w a real and a false memory?

A

external corraboration

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3
Q

repressed or forgotten? (Anderson & Green, 2001)

A

task:
- learn 2 lists of paired-associates
* remember list
* suppress list
- think/no-think tast
* cues appear one at a time, recall associate for remember cues, DON’T recall associate for supress list

findings:
- recall decreased w/ number of suppression events
- suggests an active supression control process
- repressed memory are real

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4
Q

repressed memories vs. false memories (Clancy et al. 2001)

A

QUESTION:
- are people who have repressed memories more susceptible to false memory induction?

GROUPS:
- recovered, repressed, continuous, control
(abuse)

TASK:
- DRM Task (recall a memorized list; oftentimes, we recall a word that wasn’t even on list)

RESULTS:
- recovered group more likely to recall words that weren’t even on list

(people w repressed memories could be more susceptible to false memories)

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5
Q

Clancy et al. (2002)

A

QUESTION:
- are people who have repressed memories more susceptible to false memory induction?

GROUPS:
- recovered, repressed, control
(alien abuct)

TASK:
- DRM Task (recall a memorized list; oftentimes, we recall a word that wasn’t even on list)

RESULTS:
- recovered & repressed group more likely to recall/recognize words that weren’t even on list

(people w repressed memories could be more susceptible to false memories)

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6
Q

context dependent memory

A

based on the encoding specificity principle, memory retrieval increases to the extent you’re able to recreate the learning experience…. in other words, contextual info provides cues useful for accessing info

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7
Q

External States: Encoding Specificity
(Golden & Baddeley, 1975):

A

land/water study

found that participants do better when they’re tested in the same location they study in –> LOCATION CUE

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8
Q

External States: Encoding Specificity
(Ball, Shoker, & Miles, 2009):

A

rosemary/lemon and word-fragment completion task

FINDINGS:
- individuals that studied and tested with rosemary odor did better than other groups
- no difference in lemon group

–> ODOR CUE

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9
Q

Internal States: Encoding Specificity
(Teasdale & Russell, 1983):

A

learn a list of words
- negative, positive, neutral words
- at test, induce elation or depression

RESULTS:
- neutral word recall was about the same in both states
- if elated, much more likely to remember positive words
- if depressed, more likely to remember negative

**INTERNAL STATES (MOOD) CUES

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10
Q

memory is best for info w the same _____ as mood at test

A

valence

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11
Q

Altered States: Encoding Specificity
(Eich, 1975):

A

study list of words while…
- smoking nicotine cig or marijuana cig

RESULTS:
- nic/nic and weed/weed test better than nic/weed and weed/nic

**ALTERED STATES can help!

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12
Q

context dependent “overdose”

A

3 groups of rats
- control: dextrose injections
- heroin 1: heroin in colony room
- heroin 2: heroin in white noise room

gets much larger dose later

if given large dose of heroin in SAME context that they previously had it, lot less died!

**environmental cue prepped them for large dose of heroin

**CONTEXT YOU’RE IN PREPARES THE BODY FOR “OVERDOSE”

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13
Q

what can serve as cues?

A
  • location
  • odor
  • internal state/mood
  • altered state/narcotics
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14
Q

hyperthymestic syndrome

A

person spends an abnormally large amount of time thinking about personal past

person has extraordinary capacity to recall specific events from personal past

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15
Q

Patient AJ

A

has highly superior autobiograhical memory –> able to remember what happened on each day since 1974

kept diaries from age 10 to 34 (help corraborate events)

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16
Q

superior memories in lab (McGough & LePort, 2014)

A

found people with superior memory by giving them a series of tests to prove memory recall

MRI machine used to see what parts of their brain help them
- unicante fascicle
- parahippocampus

17
Q

Hyperthymestic Syndrome & False Memories
(Patihis et al., 2013):

A

QUESTION:
is HSAM protective?

TASK:
- DRM word-list test

FINDINGS:
- HSAM performed better when were on list
- performed the same as control for false mem

TASK:
- misinformation

FINDINGS:
- HSAM perform worse for false mem (more susceptible to false mem)

18
Q

super-recognizers

A

group of people that are exceptional at recognizing faces to catch a crook