Memory keywords Flashcards
Learn the notes and experiments
Multi store model
model/ explanation of memory which assumes there are three separate stores and information is transferred between them.
sensory register
first form of memory in the MSM,
capacity: 9-18 items
duration: 250 Ms
encoding: modality specific.
short-term memory
Part of memory in the MSM responsible for remembering information for short periods of time. ‘
Capacity: 7items (+/-2)
Duration: 18 - 30 secs
Encoding: acoustic.
long-term memory
Final stage in the MSM, important for retaining information.
Capacity: unlimited
Duration: forever
Encoding: semantic
Coding
Way in which informations changed and stored acoustic and semantic).
Capacity
Maximum amount of information that can be stored.
Rehearsal
Repetition of information to maintain it in memory.
Duration
How long a memory can be held for before it is forgotten.
Retrieval
Act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness.
Chunking
Grouping different bits of information into more manageable chunks.
Working memory model.
Suggests that STM is not unitary, but is split into different stores.
Central executive
Responsible for controlled processing in working, memory, including directing attention etc.
Phonological loop.
A component in the WMM that deals with auditory information.
Visuo-spatial sketchpad.
A component in the WMM which can temporarily hold visual information.
Episodic buffer
Limited capacity storage system responsible for integrating information from several sources.
Primary acoustic store.
Stores information based on now something sounds (in the STM)
Articulatory system
Acts like an inner voice rehearsing information from the phonological store, it circulates that information.
Visual cache.
A passive store, holds information about form and colour.
Inner scribe.
Retains information about movement sequences and is closely linked to the planning and execution of movement.
Episodic memory
Recollection of personal experience that contains information an what happened and where.
Semantic memory.
Recollection of ideas, concepts and facts commonly regarded as common knowledge.
Procedural memory.
Memory which allows us to complete learned tasks and skills.
Forgetting.
Failure to remember previously learned material.
Interference
Memories interfere with the retrieval of other memories.
Retrieval - failure
Information is in long- term memory but cannot be accessed.
Proactive interference
Person cannot remember new information as old information is stopping the retrieval of it.
Retroactive interference.
Learning of new information is interfering with the recall of old information.
Cue dependent forgetting
Failure to recall memories without memory cues.
Context dependent forgetting
When recall is stronger when a person is recalling information in the same place that learnt it.
state-dependent failure
Forgetting which occurs because the emotional or physical state is different to the place material was encoded.
Eyewitness testimony’s
When a person witnesses a crime and later gets on the stand and recalls the events.
Misleading information
Incorrect information given to eyewitness following an event.
Post-event discussion
Potential source misleading where witnesses discuss what they saw after an event.
Cognitive interview
A method of interviewing eyewitnesses and victims about what they remember from a crime scene.
Enhanced cognitive interview
Advanced method of interviewing that overcomes problems of inappropriate questions by building a relationship.
Reinstatement of context
Making witnesses images the place in which the crime was to get more accuracy.
Recall everything
Retrieving absolutely everything an undress could remember to help link together possible solutions.
Change perspective
Putting yourself in another persons shoes and recalling what they may have seen.
Reverse the order
Telling the actions/events in the opposite order to decrease chances of lying.
