Memory keywords

Question 1

Multi store model

Answer 1

model/ explanation of memory which assumes there are three separate stores and information is transferred between them.

Question 2

sensory register

Answer 2

first form of memory in the MSM,

capacity: 9-18 items
duration: 250 Ms
encoding: modality specific.

Question 3

short-term memory

Answer 3

Part of memory in the MSM responsible for remembering information for short periods of time. ‘

Capacity: 7items (+/-2)
Duration: 18 - 30 secs
Encoding: acoustic.

Question 4

long-term memory

Answer 4

Final stage in the MSM, important for retaining information.

Capacity: unlimited
Duration: forever
Encoding: semantic

Question 5

Coding

Answer 5

Way in which informations changed and stored acoustic and semantic).

Question 6

Capacity

Answer 6

Maximum amount of information that can be stored.

Question 7

Rehearsal

Answer 7

Repetition of information to maintain it in memory.

Question 7

Duration

Answer 7

How long a memory can be held for before it is forgotten.

Question 8

Retrieval

Answer 8

Act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness.

Question 9

Chunking

Answer 9

Grouping different bits of information into more manageable chunks.

Question 10

Working memory model.

Answer 10

Suggests that STM is not unitary, but is split into different stores.

Question 11

Central executive

Answer 11

Responsible for controlled processing in working, memory, including directing attention etc.

Question 12

Phonological loop.

Answer 12

A component in the WMM that deals with auditory information.

Question 13

Visuo-spatial sketchpad.

Answer 13

A component in the WMM which can temporarily hold visual information.

Question 14

Episodic buffer

Answer 14

Limited capacity storage system responsible for integrating information from several sources.

Question 15

Primary acoustic store.

Answer 15

Stores information based on now something sounds (in the STM)

Question 16

Articulatory system

Answer 16

Acts like an inner voice rehearsing information from the phonological store, it circulates that information.

Question 17

Visual cache.

Answer 17

A passive store, holds information about form and colour.

Question 18

Inner scribe.

Answer 18

Retains information about movement sequences and is closely linked to the planning and execution of movement.

Question 19

Episodic memory

Answer 19

Recollection of personal experience that contains information an what happened and where.

Question 20

Semantic memory.

Answer 20

Recollection of ideas, concepts and facts commonly regarded as common knowledge.

Question 21

Procedural memory.

Answer 21

Memory which allows us to complete learned tasks and skills.

Question 22

Forgetting.

Answer 22

Failure to remember previously learned material.

Question 23

Interference

Answer 23

Memories interfere with the retrieval of other memories.

Question 24

Retrieval - failure

Answer 24

Information is in long- term memory but cannot be accessed.

Question 25

Proactive interference

Answer 25

Person cannot remember new information as old information is stopping the retrieval of it.

Question 26

Retroactive interference.

Answer 26

Learning of new information is interfering with the recall of old information.

Question 27

Cue dependent forgetting

Answer 27

Failure to recall memories without memory cues.

Question 28

Context dependent forgetting

Answer 28

When recall is stronger when a person is recalling information in the same place that learnt it.

Question 29

state-dependent failure

Answer 29

Forgetting which occurs because the emotional or physical state is different to the place material was encoded.

Question 30

Eyewitness testimony’s

Answer 30

When a person witnesses a crime and later gets on the stand and recalls the events.

Question 31

Misleading information

Answer 31

Incorrect information given to eyewitness following an event.

Question 32

Post-event discussion

Answer 32

Potential source misleading where witnesses discuss what they saw after an event.

Question 33

Cognitive interview

Answer 33

A method of interviewing eyewitnesses and victims about what they remember from a crime scene.

Question 34

Enhanced cognitive interview

Answer 34

Advanced method of interviewing that overcomes problems of inappropriate questions by building a relationship.

Question 35

Reinstatement of context

Answer 35

Making witnesses images the place in which the crime was to get more accuracy.

Question 36

Recall everything

Answer 36

Retrieving absolutely everything an undress could remember to help link together possible solutions.

Question 37

Change perspective

Answer 37

Putting yourself in another persons shoes and recalling what they may have seen.

Question 38

Reverse the order

Answer 38

Telling the actions/events in the opposite order to decrease chances of lying.