Memory : General (capacity, duration, coding)

Question 1

who created the MSM ?

Answer 1

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Question 2

Coding - …

Answer 2

the type or format of the information that is being stored

Question 3

what is the sensory memory ?

Answer 3

• there are three different stores (ecohic, iconic and other sensory stores)
• information in this store last for a few seconds plus 7 minus 2 seconds
• the information there decays really rapidly

Question 4

what is the short term memory?

Answer 4

• the information we are currently paying attention to consists the STS
• limited amount of information can be stored
• 15-30 sec lasts here then transfers if prolongly rehearsed

Question 5

what is the long term memory?

Answer 5

• this is where humans keep permanent memories
• unlimited capacity, permanent memory
• memories become memory traces

Question 6

Capacity - …

Answer 6

the quantity of information that can be stored

Question 7

Duration - …

Answer 7

the length of time the information is held for

Question 8

Baddeley (STM) 1966

Answer 8

He gave participants of four word lists to learn, participants did worse in STM, suggesting that information in STM is coded according to sound, as similarly sounding information conflicted with each other.

Question 9

Baddeley (LTM) 1966

Answer 9

For LTM, the participants did worse memorising semantically similar words suggesting that information in LTM is coded according to meaning; as information with similar meanings conflicted with each other

Question 10

Jacobs (1887) and Miller (1956) - differ (STM)

Answer 10

Jacobs - found that the mean span for digits across all participants was 9.3, the experiment consisted in him reading out loud four digits and the participant(s) recall immediately the digits out loud in the correct order = indicates the individual’s digit span.
Miller - did the same experiment but his results were 7 items, so - plus minus 2 items, in the STM

Question 11

what is the capacity of LTM ?

Answer 11

unlimited

Question 12

Sperling (1960) - sensory - duration

Answer 12

limited duration, half a second, Sperling showed his participants a series of letters which were visible only for a fraction of a second, but the ppts were able to recognise at least some of the letters, only a few were able to recognise more than 4/5 letters

Question 13

STM - Peterson & Peterson - duration

Answer 13

lab experiment
24 participants
psychology students
had to recall trigrams - three consonant syllables
they were asked to recall them after intervals 3, 6, 9, … 18 sec
during pauses they were asked to count backwards in 3s from a given number
this interference task was preventing rehearsal

Question 14

Bahrick - LTM - duration - 1975

Answer 14

participants, university, graduates…
he found that 90% of the participants were able to recognise and match the names and faces, 14 years after graduating and 60% were able to match the names and faces after 47 years after graduation, Bahrick conducted that people could remember certain faces and names for almost a lifetime