Memory - Forgetting Flashcards
What are the two proposed types of interference?
Proactive Interference
Retroactive Interference
What is Proactive Interference?
Where old information interfere with new ones, for example, recalling an old phone number when trying to recall a new one.
How was Proactive Interference tested?
Keppel and Underwood (1962) got participants to recite consonant trigrams. after varying intervals where they had to count backwards in threes. Forgetting began to occur more and more frequently after each interval, though there was none at the start.
What is Retroactive Interference?
Where new information interferes with old information, for example, remembering your new phone number and forgetting your old one.
How was Retroactive Interference tested?
Muller (1900) got participants to memorise a list of syllables, and then got them to describe paintings. After this, they were asked to recall the syllables, and they struggled to do so.
Name one negative evaluation of the theory of Interference.
Most of the studies conducted in this area are conducted in a lab and often involve the memorisation of a list of some form. Therefore there is an issue with low ecological validity and mundane realism.
What is Retrieval and Retrieval Failure.
Retrieval is the concept of how easily certain information is recalled. To recall, cues are used. When there are insufficient cues, retrieval cannot happen. This is retrieval failure.
What did Tulvig (1973) propose?
Encoding Specificity, where memories are linked to the context of their conception. This involves internal and environmental context.
