Memory- Explanations For Forgetting Flashcards
Where can forgetting occur?
In both the LTM & STM
What is interference?
An explanation for forgetting and its divided into proactive interference (PI) and retroactive interference (RI)
When does interference occur?
When one memory prevents the retrieval of another memory
When does proactive interference occur?
When an OLDER memory interferes with a newer memory
For example: the names of the previous neighbours are remembered instead of the new members
When does retroactive interference occur?
When a NEW memory prevents the recall of an older memory.
For example
The new neighbours names are remembered however your unable to remember the old neighbours name
what did Baddekey & hitch 1997 find out about interference occurring in RL situations
(Strength for pro+retro)
Rugby players asked to recall names of the teams they had played against over the season.
Players who had played in most games had the worst recall
Researchers found that the later, more recent games had interfered with the recall Of earlier games. Concluded that interference had occurred to prevent accurate recall
C
What is a cue?
A hint or trigger that can help retrieve a memory
They can be meaningful or indirect
What can an indirect cue be?
External ( linked to the environment ) or internal ( linked to mood or emotions)
When is a cue placed in the memory store?
The same time as the information that Needs to remembered
What is retrieval failure?
When there isn’t enough cues that causes the person to forget the information
What happens with the memory during retrieval failure ?
The memory is still available however it isn’t accessible due to the absence of cues
What are the 3 types of cues?
Context-dependent forgetting
State-dependent forgetting
Context-dependent forgetting
What is context depending forgetting?
Occurs when recall depends on an external cue ie the environment
What was Godden and Baddeley (1975) research into context depending forgetting ?
The researchers aimed to investigate whether memory was better for words learned and recalled in the same environment or in different environments (the contexts being land or water)
The sample comprised 18 participants (13 males and 5 females) from a university diving club
Participants were asked to learn a set of words either on land or under water and were then asked to recall these words underwater either on land or underwater
There were four conditions to the independent variable:
1) learning words on land/recalling on land
2) learning words on land/recalling underwater
3) learning underwater/recalling underwater
4) learning underwater/recalling on land
The results showed that words learned underwater were better recalled underwater and words learned on land were better recalled on land
