memory exam questions Flashcards
information stored with reference to time and place refers to?
a. episodic
b. procedural
c. semantic
a. episodic
information not available conscious inspection refers to what
a. episodic
b. procedural
c. semantic
b. procedural
identify and outline 2 techniques that may be used in cognitive interview
- changing order = tries alternative way through timeline of incident
- changing perspective = recalls from different perspective
outline and evaluate research into effects of leading question on accuracy of ewt
loftus and palmer
questions were changed ( crashed, bumped, hit contacted)
did you see any broken glass? = leading question
lab experiment = extraneous variables were controlled
outline how cognitive interview can be used to improve accuracy of ewt
- context reinstatement = trying to mentally create an image of situation
- recall from change perspective
- recall in reverse order
- report everything
psychologists identify difference between episodic, procedural and semantic memory
- define 2 types of memory. briefly explain one difference between the two
- procedural = memory for motor skills knowing how to do something
- episodic = memory for life events
difference between 2
- procedural = non declarative, unavailable for conscious inspection
- episodic = declarative / stored reference to time and place.
what is meant by coding
way info is stored
- for e.g when info can change into a form which can be stored.
identify one other technique which could have been used by police officer in this cognitive interview
technique….
instruction to participant….
b. what might psychologist conclude about effectiveness of cognitive interviews.
technique: recall in reverse orders
instruction: “tell me what you saw on the film in different order”
b. cognitive was effective
- more correct items recalled and the number of incorrect items stayed the same.
outline and evaluate research into effects of misleading info on eyewitness testimony
misleading info= key factor that can affect the accuracy of ewt.
- incorrect info given to a witness can affect memory event as it can create false memories
- it can happen in post event discussion or leading questions
- Loftus and palmer study
strength: there is large base of evidence suggesting misleading info can lead to ewt inaccuracy
weakness : lack of ecological validity
outline one study that has investigated the effect of anxiety on ewt
Loftus palmer - weapon focus
Give one example of semantic
give one example of episodic
discuss difference between the two
semantic=knowing Paris is capital of France
episodic= remembering convo you had yesterday
semantic = general knowledge
episodic = personal memories to us
A) why is question A a misleading information?
B) name appropriate experimental design
explanation
C) why would it be appropriate to use pilot study
D) one strength and one limitation of using photographs
E) describe at least one other research to study into misleading information
A) misleading because question suggest that there was a youth in picture suggest that his age may influence the answer.
B) independent
- participants can’t take part in both conditions because their answer to one question would affect their answer to another question.
C) -check how long the participant should be given to look at the picture
-check if participants understand question
- used to ask a few participants about their experience of taking part.
D) one strength= control variables
one limitation= lack validity
e) loftus and palmer asking questions
american space shuttle
- outline how the student could have used cognitive interview to investigate this event
- context reinstatement
- recall from changed perspective
- recall in reverse order
- report everything
