Memory EP's Flashcards
Engine Failure at High Airspeed and Low Altitude
*1. Cyclic — Immediately apply aft.
*2. Autorotate.
-W: Rapid cyclic movement may cause mast
bumping.
Indications:
- Torque Gauge Flashes twice per second.
- TRQ Caution Light flashes twice per second.
- Torque limit exceeded.
- Ng, Nf, or Nr limits exceeded.
OVERTORQUE If overtorque exceeding 120%: *1. Land as soon as possible. If overtorque less than 120%: *2. Land as soon as practical. OVERTEMP *1. Land as soon as possible. OVERSPEED *1. Land as soon as possible.
Indications:
- Popping, rumbling or loud banging.
- Abnormal vibrations.
- Rapid rise or fluctuations in TOT.
- Torque fluctuations with yaw kicks.
- Ng fluctuation.
- Loss of power.
COMPRESSOR STALL *1. Collective — Lower. *2. ENG Anti-ice switch — ON. *3. Cabin Heat Valve — ON. *4. Check power available. If power is insufficient to maintain level flight: *5. Autorotate. *6. Twist grip — Flight Idle. If power is sufficient to maintain level flight: *7. Land as soon as possible.
-W: This emergency may result in engine failure.
-N0: If PA>PR to hover, a normal approach…
-N1: Power (collective) reduction will often eliminate
compressor stalls.
-N2: Power available is considered sufficient if level
flight can be maintained with Nr at 90 percent
or higher.
-N3: If some usable power exists but level flight
cannot be maintained, that power, if sufficient,
may be utilized to effect a landing or minimize
rate of descent enroute to suitable site for
autorotation.
-N4: Depending on time, altitude, and suitability of the landing site the pilot may attempt to increase the
twist grip after the compressor stall has cleared
to affect a power on landing. Increasing the twist
grip may re-aggravate the compressor stall.
Indications:
- Low Nr.
- Low Nf.
*1. Collective — Lower as required to maintain a minimum of 90% Nr. *2. Twist grip — Full open. *3. GOV RPM — Full increase. If underspeed persists: *4. Check power available. If power is not sufficient: *5. Autorotate. If sufficient power is available: *6. Land as soon as possible.
-W: This emergency may result in engine failure.
-N1: If the pilot inadvertently rotates the twist grip out of the FULL OPEN position, it will create conditions that resemble underspeed indications. If the aircrew determines these conditions were induced by the pilot, flight may be continued once conditions return to normal.
-N2: Power available is considered sufficient if level
flight can be maintained with Nr at 90 percent
or higher.
-N3: If some usable power exists but level flight
cannot be maintained, that power, if sufficient,
may be utilized to effect a landing or minimize
rate of descent enroute to suitable site for
autorotation.
-N4: Depending on time, altitude, and suitability of the landing site the pilot may attempt to increase the
twist grip after the compressor stall has cleared
to affect a power on landing. Increasing the twist
grip may re-aggravate the compressor stall.
Indications:
- Nr increase.
- Nf increase.
- Ng increase.
- TOT increase.
- Right yaw.
- Engine noise increase.
Engine Overspeed (Nf) Rotor RPM (Nr) *1. Twist grip — Reduce (to maintain Nf/Nr in operating range). *2. Collective/twist grip — Coordinate. *3. Land as soon as possible.
If TOT is fluctuating, it will be fluctuating in the same
direction as Ng due to erratic fuel scheduling.
Indications:
1. Erratic Nf /Nr.
2. Fluctuating Ng and/or TOT.
Fuel Control Failure
Procedures:
*1. Collective — Adjust as required to maintain Nr in
operating range.
*2. Twist grip — Adjust as required to maintain Nf in
operating range.
*3. Land as soon as possible.
-W: This emergency may result in engine failure.
Engine Restart in Flight
*1. Ng — Note. If Ng is below 12 percent: *2. Twist grip — Close. *3. Starter — ON. *4. At 12 percent Ng, Twist grip — Full open. If Ng is 12 percent or above: *5. Starter — ON. *6. At 58 percent Ng, starter — OFF. If light-off occurs: *7. Land as soon as possible.
-N1: Ng will not decrease below minimum starting
speed within 10 seconds because of rotational
inertia plus possible ram effect. The twist grip
can be left full open, since fuel flow during the
start will be on the normal start acceleration
schedule.
-N2(C): Main generator and BUS/TIE RELAY -C- may
need to be reset.
Indications:
- Nr decrease.
- Nf indication higher than Nr.
- Left yaw.
- Loud bang/sound of overspeeding engine.
- Low torque.
Main Drive Shaft Failure *1. Autorotate. *2. Twist grip — Adjust, if necessary, to maintain Nf in operating range. When on deck: *3. Emergency shutdown — Complete.
-W1: The engine must continue to operate to provide
tail rotor drive. Tail rotor authority may be lost if
Nf is allowed to go below 80 percent.
-N1: The Nf governor should bring the Nf back to
100% with the twist grip full open.
Indications:
1. Illumination of the ENG CHIP and CLEAR CHIP
Caution Lights.
Engine Chip *1. Check for secondary indications. If secondary indications exist: *2. Land as soon as possible. If no secondary indications exist, proceed as follows: First chip light: *3. Press CLEAR CHIP. If ENG CHIP remains: *4. Land as soon as possible. If ENG CHIP extinguishes: *5. Note time and continue flight. Second chip light: If within 30 minutes of the first: *6. Land as soon as possible. If more than 30 minutes have elapsed since the first light: *7. Press CLEAR CHIP and proceed as with the first light. Any subsequent chip light within 50 hours of first: *8. Land as soon as possible.
Abort Start
*1. Twist grip — Close.
*2. Starter — OFF after TOT stabilizes at 400 °C or
below.
Abort Start Conditions
- Battery voltage stabilized below 17V.
- TOT fails to rise after twist grip rotated to flight
idle and Ng fails to rise above 20 percent (igniter
failure). - TOT rises more slowly than normal and Ng rises
slowly and stabilizes (hung start). - TOT exceeds limits and TOT caution light flashes
twice per second (hot start). - Engine Oil Pressure remains at 0 PSI.
- Rotors not turning by 25 percent Ng.
- Transmission Oil Pressure not indicated by 30
percent Nr.
- Sharp two-rev knocking.
Mast Bumping If mast bumping is suspected: *1. Establish positive G load and/or balanced flight (as required). *2. Land immediately.
-N1: If mast bumping occurs while on deck,
maintenance action is required prior to flight.
Indications: 1. Abnormal transmission temperature or pressure indications. 2. TRANS OIL PRESS caution light. 3. TRANS OIL TEMP caution light. 4. TRANS CHIP and CLEAR CHIP caution lights and/or: 5. Abnormal sound from the transmission area.
Transmission Malfunction If failure is imminent: *1. Land immediately. *2. Shoulder harness — Lock. If failure is not imminent: 3. Land as soon as possible.
-N1: Possible indications of a transmission failure may
include yaw attitude excursions with no control input,
an increase in power required for a fixed collective
setting, increased noise, or increased vibration
levels.
-N2: Transiting at a minimum power required airspeed and low altitude may permit a quick flare and immediate landing in the event of an imminent
transmission failure.
Indications:
1. “TRANS CHIP” and “CLEAR CHIP” caution lights.
Transmission Chip
First TRANS CHIP caution light:
*1. Check for secondary indications.
If secondary indications exist:
*2. Transmission Malfunction Procedure – Perform.
If no secondary indicationsexist:
*3. Press CLEAR CHIP.
If TRANS CHIP caution light remains illuminated:
*4. Transmission Malfunction Procedure — Perform.
If TRANS CHIP light extinguishes:
*5. Note the time and continue flight.
Second TRANS CHIP caution light.
If within 30 minutes of the first:
*6. Transmission Malfunction Procedure — Perform.
If more than 30 minutes have elapsed since the first
TRANS CHIP caution light:
*7. Proceed as with the first TRANS CHIP caution
light.
Any subsequent TRANS CHIP caution light within 50
hours of the first:
*8. Transmission Malfunction Procedure — Perform.
Indications:
1. Nf/Nr married during shutdown.
2. Nf/Nr married above 100 percent during
autorotational flight.
Sprag Clutch Seizure
- Ensure twist grip is full open.
- Land as soon as possible.
-N1: If suspected during a practice autorotation,
execute a waveoff.
Indications:
1. Pedal input has no effect on helicopter trim.
2. Right yaw (left sideslip).
3. Left roll of fuselage along the longitudinal axis.
4. Loud bang.
Delayed-Onset Indications:
1. High frequency vibrations.
2. Whining, grinding.
3. Yaw kicks, often during power changes.
4. Restricted or difficult movement of pedals.
5. Unusual pedal positions.
Complete Loss of Tail Rotor Thrust
In a hover:
*1. Twist grip — Flight idle.
*2. Cyclic — Eliminate drift.
*3. Collective — Increase to cushion landing.
Transition to forward flight or hover/air taxi:
*1. Twist grip — Flight idle.
*2. Cyclic — Eliminate sideward drift.
*3. Collective — Increase to cushion landing.
At altitude:
*4. Autorotate.
If yaw is not controllable:
*5. Twist grip — Flight idle immediately.
If yaw is controllable:
*6. Continue powered flight and set up to a suitable
landing area at or above minimum rate of descent
autorotational airspeed.
*7. Autorotate.
*8. Twist grip — Rotate to flight idle prior to
touchdown.
-W: • Autorotation may be the safest option. Attempting
to control a loss of tail rotor thrust in powered
flight requires considerable skill and may result in
loss of aircraft control.
• Airspeed indications during side-slip are
unreliable. At airspeeds below approximately
50 knots, the side-slip may suddenly become
uncontrollable, and the helicopter will begin an
unrecoverable vertical axis “flat spin”.
• If attempting to achieve higher airspeeds, care
must be taken to avoid excessive cyclic inputs
coupled with large power settings that could lead
to mast bumping or rapid nose tucking.
In the autorotation, maintain airspeed above
minimum rate of descent airspeed until flare to
avoid loss of yaw control.
• Once the engine is secured, in the absence
of torque, the lift produced by the vertical fin
may tend to yaw the nose to the left at faster
speeds. As airspeed slows and Nr decays, the
decelerating rotorhead and swashplate friction
will create additional left yaw, increasing the
chance for rollover. Depending on landing profile,
consideration should be given to leaving twist grip
open until pulling collective at the bottom of the
autorotation to allow control of yaw with twist grip.
Indications:
- Illumination of “T/R CHIP” caution light.
- Illumination of “CLEAR CHIP” caution light.
Tail Rotor Chip Caution
*1. Land as soon as possible.
-W: • This emergency may result in Complete Loss of
Tail Rotor Thrust.
• High power settings may result in loss of
aircraft control in the event of the Loss of
Tail Rotor Thrust. Increased power settings
required to accomplish a normal approach may
ultimately precipitate the complete failure of a
malfunctioning tail rotor.
Right Yaw Indication: Pilot unable to control right yaw
in a hover with pedal input. If power is increased, it will
aggravate the degree of yaw.
Left Yaw Indication: Pilot unable to control left yaw in
a hover with pedal input. If power is decreased, it will
aggravate the degree of yaw.
Fixed Pitch Pedal in a Hover — Right Yaw:
If rate of rotation is not excessive and landing surface
is smooth and firm:
*1. Collective — Decrease to effect a power-on
landing.
If rate of rotation is excessive or landing surface is
unsuitable for a power-on landing:
*2. Twist grip — Reduce as nose approaches
windline.
*3. Cyclic — Eliminate drift.
*4. Collective — Increase to cushion landing.
Fixed Pitch Pedal in a Hover— Left Yaw:
If rate of rotation is not excessive and landing surface
is smooth and firm:
*1. Collective – Decrease to affect a power-on
landing.
If rate of rotation is excessive or landing surface is
unsuitable for a power-on landing:
*2. Smoothly increase collective to stop the left yaw.
*3. When the left yaw has stopped, smoothly
decrease collective to set up for a landing.
*4. Eliminate lateral drift with cyclic as the aircraft
settles.
*5. Continue to smoothly lower collective once on
deck to control yaw and transfer aircraft weight
to the skids.
-N1: • Steps 2 and 3 may need to be repeated until
acceptable yaw conditions are established for
landing.
• Twist grip manipulation may be required to aid
recovery.