Memory and Language (Anderson) Flashcards
this type of memory, also known as declarative memory refers to conscious retrieval of information and may be episodic (events with which you have personal familiarty) or semantic (arithmetic facts)
explicit memory
______ amnesia refers to loss of explicit memory for events occurring subsequent to a neurologic event; ______ amnesia refers to the loss of explicit memory for events which occurred prior to the event
anterograde; retrograde
this type of implicit memory, also known as motor learning, is the phenomenon whereby repeated performance of a motor act enhances and automates future skill for the same act.
procedural learning
short-lived enhancement of a perceptually-based performance after recent exposure to visually similar material is an example of what form of implicit memory?
priming (perceptual)
this type of amnesia is characterized by impairment in long-term episodic memory across sensory modalities (complete anterograde impairment and graded retrograde impairment); intact functions include implicit memory, short-term memory sensory/motor functions, perception, attention, intellect and language.
medial temporal lobe amnesia
______ amnesia is typically temporally graded, being more severe for more recent past memory, and less
severe for more distant events.
retrograde
impairment in this region of the brain would cause moderate anterograde verbal memory impairment and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
L anterior thalamus
this type of memory impairment is associated with widespread (often bilateral) damage in posterior cortical regions - temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes.
semantic memory impairment
True or false: working memory is normal in temporal lobe amnesia
True
Motor skill learning and perceptual priming are key forms of _____ memory, which relies on repeated exposure or practice and does not require consciousness.
implicit
an acquired disturbance of the comprehension and formulation of verbal messages, resulting from dysfunction in language-related areas
aphasia
type of aphasia characterized by:
Non-fluent speech (effortful, slow, and sparse)
Initiation of speech is difficult
Paraphasia (particularly phonemic errors)
Agrammatic
Telegraphic
Repetition, naming, and writing are defective
Comprehension relatively preserved
broca’s aphasia
type of aphasia characterized by:
Fluent, well articulated, and easily initiated speech Normal prosody
Paraphasia
Few specific nouns produced
Naming, repetition and comprehension are impaired
Alexia and agraphia are common
wernicke’s aphasia
type of aphasia in which there is severe impairment in nearly all speech and linguistic capacities. The patient cannot speak, and also cannot understand spoken or written language. (Patients with this type of aphasia will
attempt to speak or communicate by other means, distinguishing them from patients with mutism.)
global aphasia
type of aphasia which often involves the auditory cortex or insula; relatively severe impairment of verbatim repetition; spontaneous speech is near normal, except for phonemic errors; comprehension is relatively good; Cannot write to dictation
conduction aphasia
