Memory A01

Question 1

What is coding

Answer 1

Format in which info is stored in various memory stores

Question 2

What is capacity

Answer 2

The amount of info that can be held in memory store

Question 3

What is duration

Answer 3

How long info can be held in memory store before it is forgotten

Question 4

Features of STM

Answer 4

-limited capacity
-acoustic coding
-capacity of 5 to 9 items
-duration on 18 to 30 seconds
-7+/-2

Question 5

Features of LTM

Answer 5

-permanent memory store
-semantic coding
-unlimited capacity
-duration of life time

Question 6

What is Jacobs capacity of STM study (1887)

Answer 6

Procedure: Digit span-ppts asked to recall digits and letters in correct order

Findings: Average capacity for numbers is 9.3 whilst letters is 7.3

Question 7

What is Millers capacity of LTM study (1956)

Answer 7

Procedure: Dots on screen and see how many ppts can remember

Findings: Highlights capacity is 7+/-2 as average. Ppts can’t recall more than 7. Ppts were able to recall 5 chunks of info

Question 8

What is Baddeley’s coding study (1966a,1966b)

Answer 8

Procedures: Used acoustically similar and semantically similar, to test how they affect STM + LTM

Findings: Ppts had difficulty in remembering acoustically similar words in STM (Immediate recall) as got confused as STM uses sound-based coding but not LTM and that semantically similar words were easier to remember in STM but got muddled in LTM (delayed task) as LTM uses meaning-based+ codes

Question 9

What is Peterson and Peterson STM duration study (1959)

Answer 9

Procedure: Ppl given a consonant syllable along with a 3-digit number. Asked to recall it after period every 3 secs e.g. 3,6,9 (retention interval)

Findings: STM duration of less than 18s. Info isn’t held there for long. 90% correct over 3s. Only 2% correct after 18s

Question 10

What is Bahrick et al LTM duration study (1975)

Answer 10

Procedure: Studied 392 American ppts. Had to recall ppts from yearbook by photo recognition and free recall tests where ppts recalled all names in class

Findings: 70% able to recall names after 48yrs with photos. Those without photos, recall after 48yrs recall was 30%

Question 11

Who came up with MSM

Answer 11

Atkinson and Shiffren

Question 12

What is MSM

Answer 12

How info flows through memory system and that memory is made up of 3 stores linked by processing

Question 13

What are the 3 stores of MSM

Answer 13

Sensory register, STM and LTM

Question 14

What is the sensory register

Answer 14

-stimulus from environment will pass into sensory register along with sights, smells and sounds
-holds iconic memory (visual info is coded visually)
-holds echoic memory (auditory info coded acoustically)
-material in sensory register lasts less than half second, have high capacity and very little of what goes into it pases further into memory stores