Memory Flashcards
How is memory processed?
Through stages,
Short-term,
Working term,
Long term
For the purpose of understanding a witness which type of memory are we mainly interested in?
Long term memory
What is short term memory?
This is where information is processed that lasts less than a second. It is used by the working memory to interpret our senses so that we can use the information effectively.
And example of this would be your brain storing words until a string of words is understood.
What is working memory?
This is the process that allows our brain to understand what our senses are telling us. It draws on the knowledge stored in the long-term memory.
In the working memory there is a controller, what does the controller do?
Decide whether or not information should be stored in the long-term memory to be recalled later
How does short-term and working memory make sense of new information?
It draws on knowledge already learnt.
An example of this is if I witness says they saw a man in a blue jacket lighting the fire, they are using previously stored knowledge to explain and understand what They have seen.
They are using knowledge to recognise the colour, a jacket, a fire and the action of lighting the fire.
How does long-term memory work?
The controller decides to store something it is simultaneously encoded many factors. This could include the flames, where they came from, weather conditions, vehicles, people, sounds, smells
Where is the information in the long term memory stored?
Encoded information is not retained in one place but stored throughout the brain
How can stored information be recalled?
Only by addressing each of the encoded parts in detail
Can eyewitness recall all the information in one attempt?
No it is impossible
Why might the ability of a witness to remember vary?
Some people are naturally better for remembering,
The more attention paid to the event the more detail Can be encoded,
Rehearsal of detail can strengthen the memory?
Failure to refer to an event for a prolonged period can cause deterioration,
Exposure to media reports may create false memories
How does Assumption affect a persons memory?
Items such as upbringing, attitudes, beliefs, knowledge, values, education, prejudice and stereotypes can cause people to expect something to happen. Therefore they assume It did happen
What is a frame of reference?
Items such as, Upbringing, Attitudes, Beliefs, Knowledge, Values, Education, Prejudice, Stereotypes
How can the frame of reference affect a persons memory?
It is easy to shortcut the memory process by using information from a frame of reference rather than making an effort to recall exact detail
How does perception and attitudes affect memory?
Information is added to the account based on the persons perception and attitude
