Memory Flashcards
Memory that the system can’t write to during normal device operations
Read-only memory (ROM)
Stored information the PC and other components need to boot, access basic hardware, and locate an operating system
Firmware
Instead of having to physically replace the chip, you can rewrite the information stored on the chip using a process called ….
flashing
What is an EPROM?
erasable programmable read-onlymemory chip for ROM.
The primary firmware standards used on PCs
UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)and its predecessorBIOS (basic input/output system)
Permanent storage location for maintaining critical information, such as the computer or mobile device boot program
Read-only memory (ROM)
What are the two types of passwords to enter BIOS/UEFI?
supervisor/admin and user
Prevents someone from successfully booting the computer, whether from its normal hard drive or an operating system on a removable device.
boot password
Restricts booting from or access to a specific hard disk, regardless of what computer it is installed in., protecting the privacy of its data.
hard disk password
A UEFI feature that verifies an operating system’s boot loader is electronically signed by the vendor before it loads.
Secure boot
This prevents malware, such as a rootkit, from hijacking your boot process.
Secure boot
An international standard designed to secure hardware by integrating encryption keys into devices.
Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
A data protection and theft recovery solution from Absolute Software Corporation, which protects your device’s data and can locate your lost or stolen device.
LoJack
Many BIOS/UEFI has hardware monitoring including the following…
Temperature, Fan Speed, Voltage, Clock Speeds, Intrusion Detection, Diagnostic Tools
What if done incorrectly can “brick” your device?
Flashing BIOS incorrectly
What command allows you to view system BIOS version in Windows?
MSINFO32.EXE
A temporary storage space used by the operating system and applications to pass information to the CPU for processing.
Random access memory (RAM)
Why is RAM considered Volatile?
It isn’t maintained when the computer is powered down.
What is the RAM connected to?
The memory controller in the northbridge chip or the CPU itself
The memory bus is a series of electronic circuitry that provides three functions:
data, address, and control.
Performs management functions such as specifying the memory’s clock signal, and telling the memory module if the operation is a read or write.
The control bus
A 32-bit module that has memory chips on one side of the package. Only used on very old computers, and frequently must be installed in matched pairs
SIMM: A single inline memory module
A 64-bit module which can have memory chips on one or both sides of the package. Depending on the system they might be installed alone, in pairs, or even in larger sets.
DIMM: A dual inline memory module
A smaller memory form factor typically used in laptops and SFF PCs
SODIMM: A small outline dual inline memory module
A trademarked term for memory modules used by Rambus memory. 64-bit modules much like DIMMs, but slightly smaller.
RIMM
Which RAM feature uses an algorithm to detect single-bit and multi-bit memory errors?
ECC (error-correcting code) Memory
Which DDR version has a curved contact edge designed to help prevent damage to the module during installation?
DDR4
A 64-bit module which can have memory chips on one or both sides of the package
DIMM
A form factor used in laptops and SFF PCs and is built using integrated circuits
SODIMM
A 32-bit module that has memory chips on one side of the package
SIMM
A 64-bit module mostly found on older computers which use Rambus technology
RIMM
Allows the operating system to control the amount of power given to each device and to power them down when not in use
Advanced Configuration Power Interface (ACPI)
Controls what happens when the computer doesn’t shut down properly or it goes into, or awakens from, a misconfigured Standby or Hibernate mode
The BIOS/UEFI power management settings
Security features that might be included with your BIOS/UEFI include:
BIOS/UEFI passwords Hard drive encryption Secure boot Trusted platform module (TPM) LoJack
Prevent unauthorized changes to both a computer’s BIOS/UEFI settings and hard drive data
BIOS/UEFI security features
Uses 1.8 V to operate and fetches 4 bits of data per clock cycle (twice as fast as DDR)
DDR2 SDRAM
Uses 1.8 V to operate and fetches 2 bits of data per clock cycle
DDR SDRAM
Uses 1.5 V to operate and fetches 8 bits of data per clock cycle
DDR3 SDRAM
Used primarily in older AGP 2x/4x low-end video cards and chipsets and transfers 1 byte of data per clock cycle and uses 1.8 V to operate.
SDRAM
How many pins in Dual inline memory modules (DIMMs)
168 pins. Some DIMM designs have 72 or 144 pins. Known as SODIMMs. Normally used in portable computers.
Where is Buffered Data stored?
RAM
How many pins in Single inline pin packages (SIPPs)
30
How many pins in single inline memory modules (SIMMs)
30 or 72 pins
How many pins in dual inline pin packages (DIPPs)
16 pins
Acquire wide recognition with the release of computers that use Intel’s Pentium III processor. This type of RAM requires that all available memory slots be filled, creating a need for continuity chips in otherwise unused slots.
RDRAM (rambus dynamic random access memory)
