Memory

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

The persistence of learning over time through storage and retrieval of information

Question 2

Flashbulb Memory

Answer 2

A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

Question 3

Encoding

Answer 3

The processing of information into the memory system

Question 4

Storage

Answer 4

The retention of encoded information

Question 5

Retrieval

Answer 5

The process of getting information out of memory storage

Question 6

Sensory Memory

Answer 6

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

Question 7

Short-term Memory

Answer 7

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly

Question 8

Long-term Memory

Answer 8

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Included knowledge, skills, and experiences.

Question 9

Working Memory

Answer 9

A newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory.

Question 10

Automatic Processing

Answer 10

Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings.

Question 11

Effortful Processing

Answer 11

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.

Question 12

Rehearsal

Answer 12

The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage.

Question 13

Spacing Effect

Answer 13

The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice.

Question 14

Serial Position Effect

Answer 14

Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list.

Question 15

Visual Encoding

Answer 15

The encoding of picture images.

Question 16

Acoustic Encoding

Answer 16

The encoding of sound, especially the sound of words.

Question 17

Semantic Encoding

Answer 17

The encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words.

Question 18

Imagery

Answer 18

Mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding.

Question 19

Mnemonics

Answer 19

Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices.

Question 20

Chunking

Answer 20

organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically.

Question 21

Iconic Memory

Answer 21

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second.

Question 22

Echoic Memory

Answer 22

A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 days.

Question 23

Long-term Potentiation (LTP)

Answer 23

An increase in a synapse’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory

Question 24

Amnesia

Answer 24

the loss of memory

Question 25

Implicit Memory

Answer 25

Retention independent of conscious recollection. A.K.A procedural memory.

Question 26

Explicit Memory

Answer 26

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare”.

Question 27

Hippocampus

Answer 27

A neural center that is located in the limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage.

Question 28

Recall

Answer 28

A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test.

Question 29

Recognition

Answer 29

A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on multiple-choice tests.

Question 30

Relearning

Answer 30

A memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time.

Question 31

Priming

Answer 31

The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory.

Question 32

Deja vu

Answer 32

That eerie sense that “I’ve experienced this before.” Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.

Question 33

Proactive Interference

Answer 33

The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information

Question 34

Retroactive Interference

Answer 34

The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information

Question 35

Repression

Answer 35

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts,feelings, and memories

Question 36

Source Amnesia

Answer 36

Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined.