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Psychology Paper 1 > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

Who developed the multi store model of memory?

A

Atkinson and Shriffin 1968

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2
Q

Sensory store

A

Large amount
0.25 to 2 seconds
Different stores for different sense. E.g iconic store, echoic store

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3
Q

Miller’s magic number

A

7 + - 2
Looked at various different studies into memory and found that generally the number was between 5 and 9 for short term memory

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4
Q

Short term memory store

A

7+-2 items
15 to 30 second
Acoustic encoding

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5
Q

Episodic memory (LTM)

A

Specific personal events and their context

Conscious

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6
Q

Semantic memory (LTM)

A

General knowledge about the world

Conscious

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7
Q

Procedural memory (LTM)

A

Performance of actions

unconscious

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8
Q

Long term memory store

A

Huge amount
Duration of up to a life time
Semantic encoding

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9
Q

Primacy and recency effect

A
  • If people are given a long list of words, best recall is for the early items (primacy) and later items (recency)
  • Primacy- early words have been rehearsed and placed into LTM
  • Recency- some words are still in STM and so can be easily recalled
  • The middle words cannot be rehearsed and put into LTM as they are displaced by incoming words
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10
Q

Strengths of the multi store model of memory

A
  • Supported by the primacy and recency effect
  • Supported by case studies of HM and KF
  • Supported by Baddeley’ encoding studies
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11
Q

Weaknesses of the multi store model of memory

A
  • Overly simple
  • KF had good visual memory
  • HM could learn skills like puzzles and mirror drawing
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12
Q

Who developed the working memory model?

A

Baddeleys and Hitch 1974

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13
Q

What is the working memory model?

A

Provides an understanding of short term memory

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14
Q

Central executive

A

Co ordinates the activities of the 3 subsystems

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15
Q

Visuospatial sketchpad

A

Processes visual and spatial info

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16
Q

Phonological loop

A

Processes information in terms of sound
Subdivided into the phonological store and articulacy control system
Phonological store stores words
Articularly control system allows maintenance of words (rehearsal)

17
Q

Episodic buffer

A

Brings together the material from the other subsystems into a single memory
Acts as a bridge from STM to LTM

18
Q

Strengths of the working memory model

A
  • Provides a more complex model of STM

- Conciderable evidence

19
Q

Weaknesses of the working memory model

A
  • Only gives a detailed understanding of STM
  • Our current understanding of the central executive is relatively poor
  • There is some evidence that the visuospatial sketch pad may involve separate components for visual and spatial information (not a single system)
20
Q

Interference theory of forgetting

A

2 pieces of information conflict with each other, causing one or both memories to be distorted/ forgotten

21
Q

Proactive interference

A

When old information interferes with new

22
Q

Retroactive interference

A

When new information interferes with old

23
Q

What is the problem with the interference theory of forgetting?

A

It only explains forgetting when there are 2 similar bits of information

Sometimes there’s no information interfering so therefore there must be a different explanation

24
Q

Retrieval cue failure

A

The memory is available but not accessible unless a suitable cue is provided

25
Q

Cue

A

A trigger of information that allows us to access a memory

26
Q

What is eyewitness testimony

A

The ability of people to remember the details of events such as accidents which they have observed

27
Q

What is the accuracy of eyewitness testimony effected by?

A

Anxiety
Misleading questions
Post event discussion

28
Q

What are the features of the cognitive interview?

A

Recreate the context
Report every detail
Recall the event in different orders
Report form different perspectives

Psychology Paper 1 (1 decks)

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