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Psychology Paper 1 > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

coding

A

the form in which the information is stored

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2
Q

duration

A

how long the memory can hold the information

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3
Q

capacity

A

how much each memory can hold

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4
Q

multi-store model of memory

A

includes sensory,long term and short term memory

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5
Q

sensory register/memory

A

information collected from the senses

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6
Q

short term memory

A

memory for immediate events, forgotten if not rehearsed

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7
Q

maintenance rehearsal

A

type of rehearsal that is useful in maintaining information in short term memory

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8
Q

retrieval

A

being able to remember information

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9
Q

attention

A

cognitive process of selectively concentrating on a discrete aspect of information

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10
Q

trigram

A

a group of consecutive written units such as letters,syllables or words

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11
Q

working memory model

A

more accurate model or short term memory

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12
Q

central executive

A

directs and controls attention between 3 slave systems

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13
Q

visual spatial sketch pad

A

deals with the visual and spatial information

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14
Q

visual cache

A

stores visual information

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15
Q

inner scribe

A

re-creates information

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16
Q

phonological loop

A

stores and processes speech based on sound. It has 2 subsystems:
phonological store
articulating control system

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17
Q

articlatory process

A

speech production

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18
Q

primary acoustic store

A

sound production

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19
Q

episodic buffer

A

holds and sequences information in working memory model

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20
Q

long term memory

A

information (when rehearsed) can stay in the memory for up to 100 years

21
Q

procedural LTM

A

responsible for knowing how to do things, also known as motor skills

22
Q

semantic LTM

A

process ideas and concepts that are drawn from personal experience

23
Q

episodic LTM

A

a persons unique memory of a specific event, so it will be different to everyone else’s

24
Q

retroactive interference

A

new memories have an effect on trying to receive older traces

25
Q

proactive interference

A

old memories have an effect on trying to receive new memories

26
Q

give 3 problems with studying memory

A
  • impossible to clear the mind
  • you cant see it
  • everyone’s mind is different
27
Q

give 3 ways of studying memory

A
  • brain scans
  • repeated measures experiment
  • different samples
28
Q

give the order of the multi store model

A

sensory-short term-long term

29
Q

Sterling experiment (1960)

A

aim-short term and sensory memory
findings-higher percentage on ‘tones column’ than any other
conclusion-higher on tones
procedure-flashed 12 letters for 1/2 a second and had to recall in 3 different ways

30
Q

give 2 criticisms of the sterling experiment

A

not realistic

short amount of time

31
Q

digit span experiment-Jacobs (1887)

A

aim-capacity of digits and letters STM
procedure-lab experiment,presented with increasingly longer lists had to recall in right order
findings-digits 9.3 items, letters 7.3 items
conclusion-DTM capacity is 7+/- 2

32
Q

give a criticism of the digit span experiment

A

low ecological validity-lab

33
Q

what is chunking

A

extending items by adding meaning, which extends the capacity of STM

34
Q

trigram experiment

A

aim-test duration STM
method-lab
procedure-3 letters to remember, given a number they had to count back from, after a certain amount of time they had to recall the letters
results-90% correct 3secs, 20% correct 9sec and 2% correct 12secs

35
Q

give the order of the WMM

A

add image

36
Q

strengths of WMM

A
  • isn’t too much to remember

- if they aren’t all using the same slave system it is easier to remember

37
Q

what is trace decay theory of forgetting

A

forgetting occurs as a result of the automatic decay or fading of the memory trace

38
Q

what is interference theory

A

memory disrupted or interfered by what we previously learned

39
Q

what is lack of consolidation

A

memory relies on biological processes-changes to the nervous system

40
Q

what is retrieval failure

A

information is in long term memory but cannot be acsessed

41
Q

what is context/external cues

A

context-setting or situation

42
Q

what is eye witness testimony

A

legal term given for an individuals account of a crime in the court of law

43
Q

what did Loftus experiment

A

false memories and how memory can fail to receive key information-false information created by the individual

44
Q

what is a directional hypothesis

A

suggests a relationship between independent and depended too variable-suggests direction of result

45
Q

what is a non-directional hypothesis

A

doesn’t suggest the relationship between the variables

46
Q

loftus and palmer 2 experiments

A

add image

47
Q

what influences EWT

A
  • gender
  • anxiety
  • misleading questions
  • schema
48
Q

yerkes dobson effect

A

add image

49
Q

what is individual differences

A

a variable on the experiments is emotional sensitivity

Psychology Paper 1 (1 decks)

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