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PSYO 1011 > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

1
Q

What is implicit memory?

A

Knowledge based on previous experience, such as skills performed automatically once mastered; resides outside conscious awareness.

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2
Q

What is sensory memory?

A

Holds info in original sensory form for very brief time, usually half a second or less.

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3
Q

What is short-term memory?

A

Temporarily (2-30 seconds) stores limited amount of info before transferred to long-term storage or forgotten.

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4
Q

What is long-term memory?

A

Has capacity to store vast amount of info for as little as 30 seconds and as long as a lifetime.

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5
Q

What is working memory?

A

Required to attend to and solve a problem; used interchangeably with short-term memory.

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6
Q

What is chunking?

A

Breaking down a list of items to be remembered into a smaller set of meaningful units.

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7
Q

What is rehearsal?

A

Repeatedly practising material so that it enters long-term memory.

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8
Q

What is serial position effect?

A

Tendency to have better recall for items in a list according to their position in the list.

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9
Q

What is procedural memory?

A

Made up of implicit knowledge for almost any behaviour or physical skill we have learned.

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10
Q

What is priming?

A

Implicit memory that arises when recall is improved by earlier exposure to same or similar stimuli.

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11
Q

What is semantic memory?

A

Recalls facts and general knowledge.

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12
Q

What is episodic memory?

A

Recalls experiences we had.

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13
Q

What is encoding?

A

Process by which the brain attends to, takes in, and integrates new info; first stage of long-term memory formation.

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14
Q

What is automatic processing?

A

Encoding of info that occurs with little effort or conscious attention to the task.

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15
Q

What is effortful processing?

A

Encoding of info that occurs with careful attention, conscious effort.

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16
Q

What is the concept of levels of processing?

A

The more deeply people encode info, the better they will recall it.

17
Q

What is dual coding theory?

A

Proposes visual and verbal info are processed by independent, non-competing systems.

18
Q

What is consolidation?

A

Established, stabilized, or solidifies a memory; second stage of long-term memory formation.

19
Q

What is storage?

A

Retention of memory over time; third stage of long-term memory formation.

20
Q

What are hierarchies?

A

Organizes related pieces of info from their most specific feature to the most general.

21
Q

What are schemas?

A

Mental frameworks that develop from experiences with particular people, objects, or events.

22
Q

What is an associative network?

A

Chain of associations between related concepts.

23
Q

What is retrieval?

A

Recovery of info stored in memory; fourth stage of long-term memory.

24
Q

What is flashbulb memory?

A

Vivid memory for emotional event of great significance.

25
Q

What is interference?

A

Disruption of memory - other info competes with info trying to be recalled.

26
Q

What is retroactive interference?

A

Disruption of memory - new experiences/info cause forgetting of previously learned experiences/info.

27
Q

What is proactive interference?

A

Disruption of memory - previously learned info interferes with learning of new info.

28
Q

What is the forgetting curve?

A

Graphic depiction of how recall steadily declined over time.

29
Q

What is transience?

A

Most common type of forgetfulness due to fleeting nature of some memories.

30
Q

What is blocking?

A

Inability to retrieve some info once stored.

31
Q

What is repression?

A

Retrieval of encoded/stored memories actively inhibited.

32
Q

What is misattribution?

A

Belief that a memory came from one source when it came from another.

33
Q

What is persistence?

A

Repeated recall of good/bad experiences even when we actively try to forget them.

34
Q

What is consistency bias?

A

Selective recall of past events to fit current beliefs.

35
Q

What is suggestibility?

A

Occurs when memories are implanted based on leading questions, comments, suggestions by someone else or some other source.

36
Q

What is long-term potentiation?

A

Strengthening of synoptic connection when synapse of one neuron repeatedly fires and excites another.

37
Q

What is explicit memory?

A

Knowledge that consists of conscious recall of facts and events.

PSYO 1011 (3 decks)

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