Memory Flashcards
Who captured working memory?
Milner, Galatner and Pribram (196)
What is more active during semantic processing?
Left ventrolateral prefrontal (BA45/47)
Wernicke’s area (BA22)
What’s more important for phonological processing
Broca’s area (BA44)
LH more than RH
IFG (BA44) reveals higher activity for what?
3 syllable words, indicating more articulatory rehearsal
What is responsible for space in visual STM?
posterior parietal cortex (Milner and Goodale, 1992)
what is responsible for objects in visual STM?
temporal cortex (Milner and Goodale, 1992)
How do we investigate VWM?
digit span forward
digit span backward
N back task
Where is spatial memory?
Posterior parietal cortex (Gnad and Andersen 1988)
What did Oyachi and otsuka (1994) find?
the right PPC is more prominent for spatial working memory
What does FFA stand for?
fusiform face area
Recognition of scenes is done where?
Parahippocampal place area (PPA)
EBA stands for what?
Extra-striate body area
MT or V5 are responsible for what?
memory of moving or static stimuli
What creates LTM?
Long term potentiation (re-structure of neurone to create new links)
How is memory organised?
logically
What’s episodic memory?
specific personal events and their context
what’s semantic memory?
general knowledge about the world
what’s priming?
things we have experienced more often and are salient
what’s procedural memory?
unconscious learned tasks
How can episodic and semantic memory be tested?
recall tasks and recognition tasks
What comprises the LTM system?
hippocampus and amygdala (limbic system)
Whats the hippocampus used for?
forming new explicit memories (case HM)
what’s the amygdala used for?
emotional aspects and sensory memories are encoded
Maguire (2000) found what looking at taxi drivers?
a correlation of hippocampus size and years of service showing it accommodates for more spatial navigation neurons
What happens when the medial temporal lobe is damaged?
cannot use prior navigation information
What does amygdala damage lead to?
unable to be conditioned to fearful stimuli
what is the amygdala involved in?
memory consolidation
How does emotion affect memory?
emotion memories better remembered as are negative ones
positive memories have more contextual detail
strong emotion can impair memory
emotional arousal is the important aspect
What does prefrontal cortex damage lead to?
impaired ability to store STM and WM
What’s non-declarative memory?
implicit and happens without conscious awareness
What are the two types of non-declarative memory?
priming (alteration of experience based on knowledge)
procedural (skill learning and conditioning)
What’s the cerebellum important for?
motor control, attention, emotion and language (10% overall weight and has the same number of neurone as the rest of the brain)
what does damage to the cerebellum cause?
asynergia, dysmetria, adiadochokinesia
intention tremor, ataxic gait, hypotnoia, ataxic dysarthia, nystagmus
What is LTP?
a neurone shows an increased excitability over time due to repeated synaptic input
What is habituation?
an individual ceases to respond to a stimulus after a prolonged period of time - when there’s no reward/punishment
What is sensitisation?
the strengthening of a response to a stimulus due to the response to a secondary stimulus
Tang, Y-P (1999) demonstrated LTP in transgenic mice…
with high amounts of NMDA had enhanced LTP
What three mechanisms cause priming?
fatigue
sharpening
facilitation
What is LTD?
Long term depression - the opposite of LTP. A reduction of AMPA receptors at the synapse
