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Cognitive Neuroscience > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Who captured working memory?

A

Milner, Galatner and Pribram (196)

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2
Q

What is more active during semantic processing?

A

Left ventrolateral prefrontal (BA45/47)

Wernicke’s area (BA22)

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3
Q

What’s more important for phonological processing

A

Broca’s area (BA44)

LH more than RH

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4
Q

IFG (BA44) reveals higher activity for what?

A

3 syllable words, indicating more articulatory rehearsal

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5
Q

What is responsible for space in visual STM?

A

posterior parietal cortex (Milner and Goodale, 1992)

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6
Q

what is responsible for objects in visual STM?

A

temporal cortex (Milner and Goodale, 1992)

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7
Q

How do we investigate VWM?

A

digit span forward
digit span backward
N back task

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8
Q

Where is spatial memory?

A

Posterior parietal cortex (Gnad and Andersen 1988)

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9
Q

What did Oyachi and otsuka (1994) find?

A

the right PPC is more prominent for spatial working memory

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10
Q

What does FFA stand for?

A

fusiform face area

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11
Q

Recognition of scenes is done where?

A

Parahippocampal place area (PPA)

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12
Q

EBA stands for what?

A

Extra-striate body area

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13
Q

MT or V5 are responsible for what?

A

memory of moving or static stimuli

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14
Q

What creates LTM?

A

Long term potentiation (re-structure of neurone to create new links)

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15
Q

How is memory organised?

A

logically

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16
Q

What’s episodic memory?

A

specific personal events and their context

17
Q

what’s semantic memory?

A

general knowledge about the world

18
Q

what’s priming?

A

things we have experienced more often and are salient

19
Q

what’s procedural memory?

A

unconscious learned tasks

20
Q

How can episodic and semantic memory be tested?

A

recall tasks and recognition tasks

21
Q

What comprises the LTM system?

A

hippocampus and amygdala (limbic system)

22
Q

Whats the hippocampus used for?

A

forming new explicit memories (case HM)

23
Q

what’s the amygdala used for?

A

emotional aspects and sensory memories are encoded

24
Q

Maguire (2000) found what looking at taxi drivers?

A

a correlation of hippocampus size and years of service showing it accommodates for more spatial navigation neurons

25
Q

What happens when the medial temporal lobe is damaged?

A

cannot use prior navigation information

26
Q

What does amygdala damage lead to?

A

unable to be conditioned to fearful stimuli

27
Q

what is the amygdala involved in?

A

memory consolidation

28
Q

How does emotion affect memory?

A

emotion memories better remembered as are negative ones
positive memories have more contextual detail
strong emotion can impair memory
emotional arousal is the important aspect

29
Q

What does prefrontal cortex damage lead to?

A

impaired ability to store STM and WM

30
Q

What’s non-declarative memory?

A

implicit and happens without conscious awareness

31
Q

What are the two types of non-declarative memory?

A

priming (alteration of experience based on knowledge)

procedural (skill learning and conditioning)

32
Q

What’s the cerebellum important for?

A

motor control, attention, emotion and language (10% overall weight and has the same number of neurone as the rest of the brain)

33
Q

what does damage to the cerebellum cause?

A

asynergia, dysmetria, adiadochokinesia

intention tremor, ataxic gait, hypotnoia, ataxic dysarthia, nystagmus

34
Q

What is LTP?

A

a neurone shows an increased excitability over time due to repeated synaptic input

35
Q

What is habituation?

A

an individual ceases to respond to a stimulus after a prolonged period of time - when there’s no reward/punishment

36
Q

What is sensitisation?

A

the strengthening of a response to a stimulus due to the response to a secondary stimulus

37
Q

Tang, Y-P (1999) demonstrated LTP in transgenic mice…

A

with high amounts of NMDA had enhanced LTP

38
Q

What three mechanisms cause priming?

A

fatigue
sharpening
facilitation

39
Q

What is LTD?

A

Long term depression - the opposite of LTP. A reduction of AMPA receptors at the synapse

Cognitive Neuroscience (5 decks)

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