Memory

Question 0

Aim of Peterson and Peterson

Answer 0

Test how long STM lasts when rehearsal is prevented

Question 1

Study into DURATION of STM

Answer 1

Peterson and Peterson (1959)

Question 2

Procedure of Peterson + Peterson (1959)

Answer 2

1) Consonant trigram
2) Count backwards in 3s
3) 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18 secs asked recall original trigram
4) Repeat using different trigrams

Question 3

Findings of Peterson+Peterson (1959)

Answer 3

• 80% recall after 3 secs
• <10% recall after 18 secs
• Fewer trigrams recalled as time intervals lengthened

Question 4

Study into CAPACITY of STM

Answer 4

Baddeley et al (1975)

Question 5

Aim of Baddeley (1975)

Answer 5

If people remember more short words than long words

Question 6

Procedure of Baddeley (1975)

Answer 6

1. Reading speed measured
2. Shown sets of 5 words
3. Words taken from one of two sets
4. One syllable or polysyllabic
5. Asked to write words in order

Question 7

Findings of Baddeley (1975)

Answer 7

• Pps recall more short words
• Able to recall as many as able to articulate in 2 secs
• Strong + correlation between reading speed and memory span

Question 8

Define duration

Answer 8

Measure of how long memory lasts before decay

Question 9

Capacity

Answer 9

Amount of info that can be stored. Chunking used to increase capacity of STM.

Question 10

Define encoding

Answer 10

Way info is changed so that it can be stored in memory - visual, acoustic or semantic

Question 11

Define sensory memory (SM)

Answer 11

Short-duration store holding unprocessed info received through the senses. (Separate sensory store for each sensory input)

Question 12

Parts of SM

Answer 12

Iconic - visual

Echoic - auditory

Question 13

Ways we rehearse events

Answer 13

Recall
Recognition
Relearning

Question 14

How long does STM last?

Answer 14

< 30 secs without rehearsal

Question 15

Research into SM

Answer 15

• Crowder (2003)

* Haber (1969)

Question 16

Crowder (2003) findings

Answer 16

SM retains visual info for a few m/s and auditory info for 2-3 secs

Question 17

AO2 for Crowder (2003)

Answer 17

• Supports SM

* Shows different stores & are held for different times

Question 18

Haber (1969) findings

Answer 18

5% of children have eidetic (photographic) memory
• can hold images for 5 mins in SM
• suggests iconic (visual) SM is long lasting

Question 19

AO2 for Haber (1969)

Answer 19

• Not everyone has same SM duration
• Results cannot be generalized
• Contradicts Crowder (2003)

Question 20

Demand characteristics

Answer 20

Hawthorne Effect