Memory Flashcards
Forgetting occurs because memory traced fade with time
Decay theory
A group of familiar stimuli stored as a single unit
Chunk
Handles factual information
Declarative memory system
Forming a memory code
Encoding
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events
Flashbulb memories
Graphs retention and forgetting over time
Forgetting curve
Tendency to mold one’s interpretation of the past dot fit how events actually turned out
Hindsight Bias
An unlimited capacity store that can hold information over lengthy periods of time
Long-term memory
Long-lasting increase in neural excitability at synapses along a specific neural pathway
Long-term potentiation (LTP)
Consonant-vowel-consonant arrangements that do not correspond to words
Nonsense syllables
Continued rehearsal of material after you first appear to have mastered it
Overlearning
Strategies for enhancing memory
Mnemonic devices
When participants’ recall of an event they witnessed is altered by introducing misleading post event information
Misinformation effect
When previously learned information interferes with the retention of new information
Proactive interference
Measure of retention requires subjects to reproduce information on their own without any cues.
Recall
Keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious
Repression
Repetitively verbalizing or thinking about the information
Rehearsal
Measure of retention requires subjects to select previously learned information from an array of options
Recognition
Recovering information from memory stores
Retrieval
When new info impairs the retention of old info
Retroactive interference
The proportion of material retained
Retention
An organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or event abstracted from previous experience with the object or events
Schema
Deciding how or whether information is personally relevant
Self-referent encoding
General knowledge that is not tied to the time when the information was learned
Semantic memory system
Information preserved in its original sensory form for a brief time(frac. sec)
Sensory memory
When subjects show better recall for items at the beginning and end of a list than for items in the middle
Serial-position effect
A limited-capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information for about 10-20 seconds
Short-term memory
When a memory derived from one source is midst tributes to another source
Source-monitoring error
Maintaining encoded information in memory over time
Storage
Temporary inability to remember something you know, accompanied by a feeling that it’s just out of reach
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
